OD(1)                         User Commands                         OD(1)

NAME
       od - dump files in octal and other formats

SYNOPSIS
       od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
       od     --traditional     [OPTION]...    [FILE]    [[+]OFFSET[.][b]
       [+][LABEL][.][b]]

DESCRIPTION
       Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes  by  default,  of
       FILE  to  standard output.  With more than one FILE argument, con‐
       catenate them in the listed order to form the input.

       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

       If first and second call formats both apply, the second format  is
       assumed if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 oper‐
       ands) a digit.  An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET.  LABEL  is  the
       pseudo-address  at  first  byte  printed, incremented when dump is
       progressing.  For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or  0X  prefix  indicates
       hexadecimal;  suffixes  may  be  . for octal and b for multiply by
       512.

       Mandatory arguments  to  long  options  are  mandatory  for  short
       options too.

       -A, --address-radix=RADIX
              output format for file offsets; RADIX is one of [doxn], for
              Decimal, Octal, Hex or None

       --endian={big|little}
              swap input bytes according the specified order

       -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES
              skip BYTES input bytes first

       -N, --read-bytes=BYTES
              limit dump to BYTES input bytes

       -S BYTES, --strings[=BYTES]
              output strings of  at  least  BYTES  graphic  chars;  3  is
              implied when BYTES is not specified

       -t, --format=TYPE
              select output format or formats

       -v, --output-duplicates
              do not use * to mark line suppression

       -w[BYTES], --width[=BYTES]
              output  BYTES  bytes  per  output  line; 32 is implied when
              BYTES is not specified

       --traditional
              accept arguments in third form above

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

   Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
       -a     same as -t a,  select named characters, ignoring high-order
              bit

       -b     same as -t o1, select octal bytes

       -c     same  as  -t  c,   select printable characters or backslash
              escapes

       -d     same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units

       -f     same as -t fF, select floats

       -i     same as -t dI, select decimal ints

       -l     same as -t dL, select decimal longs

       -o     same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units

       -s     same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units

       -x     same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units

   TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
       a      named character, ignoring high-order bit

       c      printable character or backslash escape

       d[SIZE]
              signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       f[SIZE]
              floating point, SIZE bytes per float

       o[SIZE]
              octal, SIZE bytes per integer

       u[SIZE]
              unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       x[SIZE]
              hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       SIZE is a number.  For TYPE in [doux], SIZE  may  also  be  C  for
       sizeof(char),  S  for  sizeof(short),  I  for sizeof(int) or L for
       sizeof(long).  If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float),
       D for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).

       Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the
       end of each output line.

   BYTES is hex with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
       b      512

       KB     1000

       K      1024

       MB     1000*1000

       M      1024*1024

       and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.  Binary prefixes can be used, too:
       KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

EXAMPLES
       od -A x -t x1z -v
              Display hexdump format output

       od -A o -t oS -w16
              The default output format used by od

AUTHOR
       Written by Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       GNU  coreutils  online  help:  <https://www.gnu.org/software/core‐
       utils/>
       Report   any   translation   bugs   to    <https://translationpro‐
       ject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright  ©  2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+:
       GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/od>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) od invocation'

GNU coreutils 8.32              April 2020                          OD(1)