Manual Pages

Bash Builtins

List of bash shell builtins
Command Description
(( ... )) Evaluate arithmetic expression
. Execute commands from a file in the current shell
: Null command
[ Evaluate conditional expression
[[ ... ]] Execute conditional command
alias Define or display aliases
bg Move jobs to the background
bind Set Readline key bindings and variables
break Exit for, while, or until loops
builtin Execute shell builtins
caller Return the context of the current subroutine call
case Execute commands based on pattern matching
cd Change the shell working directory
command Execute a simple command or display information about commands
compgen Display possible completions depending on the options
complete Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline
compopt Modify or display completion options
continue Resume for, while, or until loops
coproc Create a coprocess named NAME
declare Set variable values and attributes
dirs Display directory stack
disown Remove jobs from current shell
echo Write arguments to the standard output
enable Enable and disable shell builtins
eval Execute arguments as a shell command
exec Replace the shell with the given command
exit Exit the shell
export Set export attribute for shell variables
false Return an unsuccessful result
fc Display or execute commands from the history list
fg Move job to the foreground
for Execute commands for each member in a list
function Define shell function
getopts Parse option arguments
hash Remember or display program locations
help Display information about builtin commands
history Display or manipulate the history list
if Execute commands based on conditional
jobs Display status of jobs
kill Send a signal to a job
let Evaluate arithmetic expressions
local Define local variables
logout Exit a login shell
mapfile Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable
popd Remove directories from stack
printf Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT
pushd Add directories to stack
pwd Print the name of the current working directory
read Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields
readarray Read lines from a file into an array variable
readonly Mark shell variables as unchangeable
return Return from a shell function
select Select words from a list and execute commands
set Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters
shift Shift positional parameters
shopt Set and unset shell options
source Execute commands from a file in the current shell
suspend Suspend shell execution
test Evaluate conditional expression
time Report time consumed by pipeline's execution
times Display process times
trap Trap signals and other events
true Return a successful result
type Display information about command type
typeset Set variable values and attributes
ulimit Modify shell resource limits
umask Display or set file mode mask
unalias Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases
unset Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions
until Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed
variables Common shell variable names and usage
wait Wait for job completion and return exit status
while Execute commands as long as a test succeeds
{ ... } Group commands as a unit

Coreutils - File Utilities

List of coreutils file utilities
Command Description
chcon Changes file security context (SELinux)
chgrp Changes file group ownership
chown Changes file ownership
chmod Changes the permissions of a file or directory
cp Copies a file or directory
dd Copies and converts a file
df Shows disk free space on file systems
dir Is exactly like "ls -C -b". (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically.)
dircolors Set up color for ls
install Copies files and set attributes
ln Creates a link to a file
ls Lists the files in a directory
mkdir Creates a directory
mkfifo Makes named pipes (FIFOs)
mknod Makes block or character special files
mktemp Creates a temporary file or directory
mv Moves files or rename files
realpath Returns the resolved absolute or relative path for a file
rm Removes (deletes) files, directories, device nodes and symbolic links
rmdir Removes empty directories
shred Overwrites a file to hide its contents, and optionally deletes it
sync Flushes file system buffers
touch Changes file timestamps
truncate Shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size
vdir Is exactly like "ls -l -b". (Files are by default listed in long format.)

Coreutils - Text Utilities

List of coreutils text utilities
Command Description
b2sum Computes and checks BLAKE2b message digest
base32 Encodes or decodes Base32, and prints result to standard output
base64 Encodes or decodes Base64, and prints result to standard output
cat Concatenates and prints files on the standard output
cksum Checksums and count the bytes in a file
comm Compares two sorted files line by line
csplit Splits a file into sections determined by context lines
cut Removes sections from each line of files
expand Converts tabs to spaces
fmt Simple optimal text formatter
fold Wraps each input line to fit in specified width
head Outputs the first part of files
join Joins lines of two files on a common field
md5sum Computes and checks MD5 message digest
nl Numbers lines of files
numfmt Reformat numbers
od Dumps files in octal and other formats
paste Merges lines of files
ptx Produces a permuted index of file contents
pr Converts text files for printing
sha512sum Computes and checks SHA-1/SHA-2 message digests
shuf generate random permutations
sort sort lines of text files
split Splits a file into pieces
sum Checksums and counts the blocks in a file
tac Concatenates and prints files in reverse order line by line
tail Outputs the last part of files
tr Translates or deletes characters
tsort Performs a topological sort
unexpand Converts spaces to tabs
uniq Removes duplicate lines from a sorted file
wc Prints the number of bytes, words, and lines in files

Coreutils - Shell Utilities

List of coreutils shell utilities
Command Description
arch Prints machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
basename Removes the path prefix from a given pathname
chroot Changes the root directory
date Prints or sets the system date and time
dirname Strips non-directory suffix from file name
du Shows disk usage on file systems
echo Displays a specified line of text
env Displays and modifies environment variables
expr Evaluates expressions
factor Factors numbers
false Does nothing, but exits unsuccessfully
groups Prints the groups of which the user is a member
hostid Prints the numeric identifier for the current host
id Prints real or effective UID and GID
link Creates a link to a file
logname Print the user's login name
nice Modifies scheduling priority
nohup Allows a command to continue running after logging out
nproc Queries the number of (active) processors
pathchk Checks whether file names are valid or portable
pinky A lightweight version of finger
printenv Prints environment variables
printf Formats and prints data
pwd Prints the current working directory
readlink Displays value of a symbolic link
runcon Run command with specified security context
seq Prints a sequence of numbers
sleep Delays for a specified amount of time
stat Returns data about an inode
stdbuf Controls buffering for commands that use stdio
stty Changes and prints terminal line settings
tee Sends output to multiple files
test Evaluates an expression
timeout Run a command with a time limit
true Does nothing, but exits successfully
tty Prints terminal name
uname Prints system information
unlink Removes the specified file using the unlink function
uptime Tells how long the system has been running
users Prints the user names of users currently logged into the current host
who Prints a list of all users currently logged in
whoami Prints the effective userid
yes Prints a string repeatedly

Other Commands

List of other common commands
Command Description
ascii ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
aspell Interactive spell checker
awk Pattern scanning and processing language
bash GNU Bourne-Again SHell
bc An arbitrary precision calculator language
cal Display a calendar
curl Transfer a URL
file Determine file type
find Search for files in a directory hierarchy
gedit Text editor for the GNOME Desktop
grep Print lines matching a pattern
gunzip Compress or expand files
gzip Compress or expand files
less Opposite of more
locate Find files by name
look Display lines beginning with a given string
lpr Print files
man Interface to the system reference manuals
mc Visual shell for Unix-like systems.
mcedit Internal file editor of GNU Midnight Commander.
more File perusal filter for crt viewing
mount Mount a filesystem
nano Nano's ANOther editor, inspired by Pico
ps Report a snapshot of the current processes.
scp OpenSSH secure file copy
sed Stream editor for filtering and transforming text
sftp OpenSSH secure file transfer
ssh OpenSSH remote login client
sqlite3 Command line interface for SQLite version 3
su Run a command with substitute user and group ID
sudo Execute a command as another user
tar An archiving utility
tmux Terminal multiplexer
top Display Linux processes
tput Initialize a terminal or query terminfo database
uptime Tell how long the system has been running.
vim Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor
wget Non-interactive network downloader.
which Shows the full path of (shell) commands
zcat Compress or expand files
zless File perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text