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TMUX(1)                BSD General Commands Manual                TMUX(1)

NAME
     tmux — terminal multiplexer

SYNOPSIS
     tmux [-2CluvV] [-c shell-command] [-f file] [-L socket-name]
          [-S socket-path] [command [flags]]

DESCRIPTION
     tmux is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals to
     be created, accessed, and controlled from a single screen.  tmux may
     be detached from a screen and continue running in the background,
     then later reattached.

     When tmux is started it creates a new session with a single window
     and displays it on screen.  A status line at the bottom of the
     screen shows information on the current session and is used to enter
     interactive commands.

     A session is a single collection of pseudo terminals under the man‐
     agement of tmux.  Each session has one or more windows linked to it.
     A window occupies the entire screen and may be split into rectangu‐
     lar panes, each of which is a separate pseudo terminal (the pty(4)
     manual page documents the technical details of pseudo terminals).
     Any number of tmux instances may connect to the same session, and
     any number of windows may be present in the same session.  Once all
     sessions are killed, tmux exits.

     Each session is persistent and will survive accidental disconnection
     (such as ssh(1) connection timeout) or intentional detaching (with
     the ‘C-b d’ key strokes).  tmux may be reattached using:

           $ tmux attach

     In tmux, a session is displayed on screen by a client and all ses‐
     sions are managed by a single server.  The server and each client
     are separate processes which communicate through a socket in /tmp.

     The options are as follows:

     -2            Force tmux to assume the terminal supports 256
                   colours.

     -C            Start in control mode (see the CONTROL MODE section).
                   Given twice (-CC) disables echo.

     -c shell-command
                   Execute shell-command using the default shell.  If
                   necessary, the tmux server will be started to retrieve
                   the default-shell option.  This option is for compati‐
                   bility with sh(1) when tmux is used as a login shell.

     -f file       Specify an alternative configuration file.  By
                   default, tmux loads the system configuration file from
                   /etc/tmux.conf, if present, then looks for a user con‐
                   figuration file at ~/.tmux.conf.

                   The configuration file is a set of tmux commands which
                   are executed in sequence when the server is first
                   started.  tmux loads configuration files once when the
                   server process has started.  The source-file command
                   may be used to load a file later.

                   tmux shows any error messages from commands in config‐
                   uration files in the first session created, and con‐
                   tinues to process the rest of the configuration file.

     -L socket-name
                   tmux stores the server socket in a directory under
                   TMUX_TMPDIR or /tmp if it is unset.  The default
                   socket is named default.  This option allows a differ‐
                   ent socket name to be specified, allowing several
                   independent tmux servers to be run.  Unlike -S a full
                   path is not necessary: the sockets are all created in
                   the same directory.

                   If the socket is accidentally removed, the SIGUSR1
                   signal may be sent to the tmux server process to
                   recreate it (note that this will fail if any parent
                   directories are missing).

     -l            Behave as a login shell.  This flag currently has no
                   effect and is for compatibility with other shells when
                   using tmux as a login shell.

     -S socket-path
                   Specify a full alternative path to the server socket.
                   If -S is specified, the default socket directory is
                   not used and any -L flag is ignored.

     -u            Write UTF-8 output to the terminal even if the first
                   environment variable of LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG that
                   is set does not contain "UTF-8" or "UTF8".

     -v            Request verbose logging.  Log messages will be saved
                   into tmux-client-PID.log and tmux-server-PID.log files
                   in the current directory, where PID is the PID of the
                   server or client process.  If -v is specified twice,
                   an additional tmux-out-PID.log file is generated with
                   a copy of everything tmux writes to the terminal.

                   The SIGUSR2 signal may be sent to the tmux server
                   process to toggle logging between on (as if -v was
                   given) and off.

     -V            Report the tmux version.

     command [flags]
                   This specifies one of a set of commands used to con‐
                   trol tmux, as described in the following sections.  If
                   no commands are specified, the new-session command is
                   assumed.

DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
     tmux may be controlled from an attached client by using a key combi‐
     nation of a prefix key, ‘C-b’ (Ctrl-b) by default, followed by a
     command key.

     The default command key bindings are:

           C-b         Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the applica‐
                       tion.
           C-o         Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.
           C-z         Suspend the tmux client.
           !           Break the current pane out of the window.
           "           Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.
           #           List all paste buffers.
           $           Rename the current session.
           %           Split the current pane into two, left and right.
           &           Kill the current window.
           '           Prompt for a window index to select.
           (           Switch the attached client to the previous ses‐
                       sion.
           )           Switch the attached client to the next session.
           ,           Rename the current window.
           -           Delete the most recently copied buffer of text.
           .           Prompt for an index to move the current window.
           0 to 9      Select windows 0 to 9.
           :           Enter the tmux command prompt.
           ;           Move to the previously active pane.
           =           Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a
                       list.
           ?           List all key bindings.
           D           Choose a client to detach.
           L           Switch the attached client back to the last ses‐
                       sion.
           [           Enter copy mode to copy text or view the history.
           ]           Paste the most recently copied buffer of text.
           c           Create a new window.
           d           Detach the current client.
           f           Prompt to search for text in open windows.
           i           Display some information about the current window.
           l           Move to the previously selected window.
           n           Change to the next window.
           o           Select the next pane in the current window.
           p           Change to the previous window.
           q           Briefly display pane indexes.
           r           Force redraw of the attached client.
           m           Mark the current pane (see select-pane -m).
           M           Clear the marked pane.
           s           Select a new session for the attached client
                       interactively.
           t           Show the time.
           w           Choose the current window interactively.
           x           Kill the current pane.
           z           Toggle zoom state of the current pane.
           {           Swap the current pane with the previous pane.
           }           Swap the current pane with the next pane.
           ~           Show previous messages from tmux, if any.
           Page Up     Enter copy mode and scroll one page up.
           Up, Down
           Left, Right
                       Change to the pane above, below, to the left, or
                       to the right of the current pane.
           M-1 to M-5  Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts:
                       even-horizontal, even-vertical, main-horizontal,
                       main-vertical, or tiled.
           Space       Arrange the current window in the next preset lay‐
                       out.
           M-n         Move to the next window with a bell or activity
                       marker.
           M-o         Rotate the panes in the current window backwards.
           M-p         Move to the previous window with a bell or activ‐
                       ity marker.
           C-Up, C-Down
           C-Left, C-Right
                       Resize the current pane in steps of one cell.
           M-Up, M-Down
           M-Left, M-Right
                       Resize the current pane in steps of five cells.

     Key bindings may be changed with the bind-key and unbind-key com‐
     mands.

COMMAND PARSING AND EXECUTION
     tmux supports a large number of commands which can be used to con‐
     trol its behaviour.  Each command is named and can accept zero or
     more flags and arguments.  They may be bound to a key with the
     bind-key command or run from the shell prompt, a shell script, a
     configuration file or the command prompt.  For example, the same
     set-option command run from the shell prompt, from ~/.tmux.conf and
     bound to a key may look like:

           $ tmux set-option -g status-style bg=cyan

           set-option -g status-style bg=cyan

           bind-key C set-option -g status-style bg=cyan

     Here, the command name is ‘set-option’, ‘-g’ is a flag and
     ‘status-style’ and ‘bg=cyan’ are arguments.

     tmux distinguishes between command parsing and execution.  In order
     to execute a command, tmux needs it to be split up into its name and
     arguments.  This is command parsing.  If a command is run from the
     shell, the shell parses it; from inside tmux or from a configuration
     file, tmux does.  Examples of when tmux parses commands are:

           -   in a configuration file;

           -   typed at the command prompt (see command-prompt);

           -   given to bind-key;

           -   passed as arguments to if-shell or confirm-before.

     To execute commands, each client has a ‘command queue’.  A global
     command queue not attached to any client is used on startup for con‐
     figuration files like ~/.tmux.conf.  Parsed commands added to the
     queue are executed in order.  Some commands, like if-shell and
     confirm-before, parse their argument to create a new command which
     is inserted immediately after themselves.  This means that arguments
     can be parsed twice or more - once when the parent command (such as
     if-shell) is parsed and again when it parses and executes its com‐
     mand.  Commands like if-shell, run-shell and display-panes stop exe‐
     cution of subsequent commands on the queue until something happens -
     if-shell and run-shell until a shell command finishes and
     display-panes until a key is pressed.  For example, the following
     commands:

           new-session; new-window
           if-shell "true" "split-window"
           kill-session

     Will execute new-session, new-window, if-shell, the shell command
     true(1), split-window and kill-session in that order.

     The COMMANDS section lists the tmux commands and their arguments.

PARSING SYNTAX
     This section describes the syntax of commands parsed by tmux, for
     example in a configuration file or at the command prompt.  Note that
     when commands are entered into the shell, they are parsed by the
     shell - see for example ksh(1) or csh(1).

     Each command is terminated by a newline or a semicolon (;).  Com‐
     mands separated by semicolons together form a ‘command sequence’ -
     if a command in the sequence encounters an error, no subsequent com‐
     mands are executed.

     Comments are marked by the unquoted # character - any remaining text
     after a comment is ignored until the end of the line.

     If the last character of a line is \, the line is joined with the
     following line (the \ and the newline are completely removed).  This
     is called line continuation and applies both inside and outside
     quoted strings and in comments, but not inside braces.

     Command arguments may be specified as strings surrounded by single
     (') quotes, double quotes (") or braces ({}).  This is required when
     the argument contains any special character.  Single and double
     quoted strings cannot span multiple lines except with line continua‐
     tion.  Braces can span multiple lines.

     Outside of quotes and inside double quotes, these replacements are
     performed:

           -   Environment variables preceded by $ are replaced with
               their value from the global environment (see the GLOBAL
               AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT section).

           -   A leading ~ or ~user is expanded to the home directory of
               the current or specified user.

           -   \uXXXX or \uXXXXXXXX is replaced by the Unicode codepoint
               corresponding to the given four or eight digit hexadecimal
               number.

           -   When preceded (escaped) by a \, the following characters
               are replaced: \e by the escape character; \r by a carriage
               return; \n by a newline; and \t by a tab.

           -   \ooo is replaced by a character of the octal value ooo.
               Three octal digits are required, for example \001.  The
               largest valid character is \377.

           -   Any other characters preceded by \ are replaced by them‐
               selves (that is, the \ is removed) and are not treated as
               having any special meaning - so for example \; will not
               mark a command sequence and \$ will not expand an environ‐
               ment variable.

     Braces are similar to single quotes in that the text inside is taken
     literally without any replacements but this also includes line con‐
     tinuation.  Braces can span multiple lines in which case a literal
     newline is included in the string.  They are designed to avoid the
     need for additional escaping when passing a group of tmux or shell
     commands as an argument (for example to if-shell or pipe-pane).
     These two examples produce an identical command - note that no
     escaping is needed when using {}:

           if-shell true {
               display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }$foo'
           }

           if-shell true "\n    display -p 'brace-dollar-foo: }\$foo'\n"

     Braces may be enclosed inside braces, for example:

           bind x if-shell "true" {
               if-shell "true" {
                    display "true!"
               }
           }

     Environment variables may be set by using the syntax ‘name=value’,
     for example ‘HOME=/home/user’.  Variables set during parsing are
     added to the global environment.

     Commands may be parsed conditionally by surrounding them with ‘%if’,
     ‘%elif’, ‘%else’ and ‘%endif’.  The argument to ‘%if’ and ‘%elif’ is
     expanded as a format (see FORMATS) and if it evaluates to false
     (zero or empty), subsequent text is ignored until the closing
     ‘%elif’, ‘%else’ or ‘%endif’.  For example:

           %if "#{==:#{host},myhost}"
           set -g status-style bg=red
           %elif "#{==:#{host},myotherhost}"
           set -g status-style bg=green
           %else
           set -g status-style bg=blue
           %endif

     Will change the status line to red if running on ‘myhost’, green if
     running on ‘myotherhost’, or blue if running on another host.  Con‐
     ditionals may be given on one line, for example:

           %if #{==:#{host},myhost} set -g status-style bg=red %endif

COMMANDS
     This section describes the commands supported by tmux.  Most com‐
     mands accept the optional -t (and sometimes -s) argument with one of
     target-client, target-session, target-window, or target-pane.  These
     specify the client, session, window or pane which a command should
     affect.

     target-client should be the name of the client, typically the pty(4)
     file to which the client is connected, for example either of
     /dev/ttyp1 or ttyp1 for the client attached to /dev/ttyp1.  If no
     client is specified, tmux attempts to work out the client currently
     in use; if that fails, an error is reported.  Clients may be listed
     with the list-clients command.

     target-session is tried as, in order:

           1.   A session ID prefixed with a $.

           2.   An exact name of a session (as listed by the
                list-sessions command).

           3.   The start of a session name, for example ‘mysess’ would
                match a session named ‘mysession’.

           4.   An fnmatch(3) pattern which is matched against the ses‐
                sion name.

     If the session name is prefixed with an ‘=’, only an exact match is
     accepted (so ‘=mysess’ will only match exactly ‘mysess’, not
     ‘mysession’).

     If a single session is found, it is used as the target session; mul‐
     tiple matches produce an error.  If a session is omitted, the cur‐
     rent session is used if available; if no current session is avail‐
     able, the most recently used is chosen.

     target-window (or src-window or dst-window) specifies a window in
     the form session:window.  session follows the same rules as for
     target-session, and window is looked for in order as:

           1.   A special token, listed below.

           2.   A window index, for example ‘mysession:1’ is window 1 in
                session ‘mysession’.

           3.   A window ID, such as @1.

           4.   An exact window name, such as ‘mysession:mywindow’.

           5.   The start of a window name, such as ‘mysession:mywin’.

           6.   As an fnmatch(3) pattern matched against the window name.

     Like sessions, a ‘=’ prefix will do an exact match only.  An empty
     window name specifies the next unused index if appropriate (for
     example the new-window and link-window commands) otherwise the cur‐
     rent window in session is chosen.

     The following special tokens are available to indicate particular
     windows.  Each has a single-character alternative form.

     Token              Meaning
     {start}       ^    The lowest-numbered window
     {end}         $    The highest-numbered window
     {last}        !    The last (previously current) window
     {next}        +    The next window by number
     {previous}    -    The previous window by number

     target-pane (or src-pane or dst-pane) may be a pane ID or takes a
     similar form to target-window but with the optional addition of a
     period followed by a pane index or pane ID, for example:
     ‘mysession:mywindow.1’.  If the pane index is omitted, the currently
     active pane in the specified window is used.  The following special
     tokens are available for the pane index:

     Token                  Meaning
     {last}            !    The last (previously active) pane
     {next}            +    The next pane by number
     {previous}        -    The previous pane by number
     {top}                  The top pane
     {bottom}               The bottom pane
     {left}                 The leftmost pane
     {right}                The rightmost pane
     {top-left}             The top-left pane
     {top-right}            The top-right pane
     {bottom-left}          The bottom-left pane
     {bottom-right}         The bottom-right pane
     {up-of}                The pane above the active pane
     {down-of}              The pane below the active pane
     {left-of}              The pane to the left of the active pane
     {right-of}             The pane to the right of the active pane

     The tokens ‘+’ and ‘-’ may be followed by an offset, for example:

           select-window -t:+2

     In addition, target-session, target-window or target-pane may con‐
     sist entirely of the token ‘{mouse}’ (alternative form ‘=’) to spec‐
     ify the session, window or pane where the most recent mouse event
     occurred (see the MOUSE SUPPORT section) or ‘{marked}’ (alternative
     form ‘~’) to specify the marked pane (see select-pane -m).

     Sessions, window and panes are each numbered with a unique ID; ses‐
     sion IDs are prefixed with a ‘$’, windows with a ‘@’, and panes with
     a ‘%’.  These are unique and are unchanged for the life of the ses‐
     sion, window or pane in the tmux server.  The pane ID is passed to
     the child process of the pane in the TMUX_PANE environment variable.
     IDs may be displayed using the ‘session_id’, ‘window_id’, or
     ‘pane_id’ formats (see the FORMATS section) and the display-message,
     list-sessions, list-windows or list-panes commands.

     shell-command arguments are sh(1) commands.  This may be a single
     argument passed to the shell, for example:

           new-window 'vi /etc/passwd'

     Will run:

           /bin/sh -c 'vi /etc/passwd'

     Additionally, the new-window, new-session, split-window,
     respawn-window and respawn-pane commands allow shell-command to be
     given as multiple arguments and executed directly (without ‘sh -c’).
     This can avoid issues with shell quoting.  For example:

           $ tmux new-window vi /etc/passwd

     Will run vi(1) directly without invoking the shell.

     command [arguments] refers to a tmux command, either passed with the
     command and arguments separately, for example:

           bind-key F1 set-option status off

     Or passed as a single string argument in .tmux.conf, for example:

           bind-key F1 { set-option status off }

     Example tmux commands include:

           refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2

           rename-session -tfirst newname

           set-option -wt:0 monitor-activity on

           new-window ; split-window -d

           bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; \
                   display-message "source-file done"

     Or from sh(1):

           $ tmux kill-window -t :1

           $ tmux new-window \; split-window -d

           $ tmux new-session -d 'vi /etc/passwd' \; split-window -d \; attach

CLIENTS AND SESSIONS
     The tmux server manages clients, sessions, windows and panes.
     Clients are attached to sessions to interact with them, either when
     they are created with the new-session command, or later with the
     attach-session command.  Each session has one or more windows linked
     into it.  Windows may be linked to multiple sessions and are made up
     of one or more panes, each of which contains a pseudo terminal.
     Commands for creating, linking and otherwise manipulating windows
     are covered in the WINDOWS AND PANES section.

     The following commands are available to manage clients and sessions:

     attach-session [-dErx] [-c working-directory] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: attach)
             If run from outside tmux, create a new client in the current
             terminal and attach it to target-session.  If used from
             inside, switch the current client.  If -d is specified, any
             other clients attached to the session are detached.  If -x
             is given, send SIGHUP to the parent process of the client as
             well as detaching the client, typically causing it to exit.
             -r signifies the client is read-only (only keys bound to the
             detach-client or switch-client commands have any effect)

             If no server is started, attach-session will attempt to
             start it; this will fail unless sessions are created in the
             configuration file.

             The target-session rules for attach-session are slightly
             adjusted: if tmux needs to select the most recently used
             session, it will prefer the most recently used unattached
             session.

             -c will set the session working directory (used for new win‐
             dows) to working-directory.

             If -E is used, the update-environment option will not be
             applied.

     detach-client [-aP] [-E shell-command] [-s target-session] [-t
             target-client]
                   (alias: detach)
             Detach the current client if bound to a key, the client
             specified with -t, or all clients currently attached to the
             session specified by -s.  The -a option kills all but the
             client given with -t.  If -P is given, send SIGHUP to the
             parent process of the client, typically causing it to exit.
             With -E, run shell-command to replace the client.

     has-session [-t target-session]
                   (alias: has)
             Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session
             does not exist.  If it does exist, exit with 0.

     kill-server
             Kill the tmux server and clients and destroy all sessions.

     kill-session [-aC] [-t target-session]
             Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it
             and no other sessions, and detaching all clients attached to
             it.  If -a is given, all sessions but the specified one is
             killed.  The -C flag clears alerts (bell, activity, or
             silence) in all windows linked to the session.

     list-clients [-F format] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: lsc)
             List all clients attached to the server.  For the meaning of
             the -F flag, see the FORMATS section.  If target-session is
             specified, list only clients connected to that session.

     list-commands [-F format]
                   (alias: lscm)
             List the syntax of all commands supported by tmux.

     list-sessions [-F format]
                   (alias: ls)
             List all sessions managed by the server.  For the meaning of
             the -F flag, see the FORMATS section.

     lock-client [-t target-client]
                   (alias: lockc)
             Lock target-client, see the lock-server command.

     lock-session [-t target-session]
                   (alias: locks)
             Lock all clients attached to target-session.

     new-session [-AdDEPX] [-c start-directory] [-F format] [-n
             window-name] [-s session-name] [-t group-name] [-x width]
             [-y height] [shell-command]
                   (alias: new)
             Create a new session with name session-name.

             The new session is attached to the current terminal unless
             -d is given.  window-name and shell-command are the name of
             and shell command to execute in the initial window.  With
             -d, the initial size comes from the global default-size
             option; -x and -y can be used to specify a different size.
             ‘-’ uses the size of the current client if any.  If -x or -y
             is given, the default-size option is set for the session.

             If run from a terminal, any termios(4) special characters
             are saved and used for new windows in the new session.

             The -A flag makes new-session behave like attach-session if
             session-name already exists; in this case, -D behaves like
             -d to attach-session, and -X behaves like -x to
             attach-session.

             If -t is given, it specifies a session group.  Sessions in
             the same group share the same set of windows - new windows
             are linked to all sessions in the group and any windows
             closed removed from all sessions.  The current and previous
             window and any session options remain independent and any
             session in a group may be killed without affecting the oth‐
             ers.  The group-name argument may be:

             1.      the name of an existing group, in which case the new
                     session is added to that group;

             2.      the name of an existing session - the new session is
                     added to the same group as that session, creating a
                     new group if necessary;

             3.      the name for a new group containing only the new
                     session.

             -n and shell-command are invalid if -t is used.

             The -P option prints information about the new session after
             it has been created.  By default, it uses the format
             ‘#{session_name}:’ but a different format may be specified
             with -F.

             If -E is used, the update-environment option will not be
             applied.

     refresh-client [-cDlLRSU] [-C XxY] [-F flags] [-t target-client]
             [adjustment]
                   (alias: refresh)
             Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single
             client if one is given with -t.  If -S is specified, only
             update the client's status line.

             The -U, -D, -L -R, and -c flags allow the visible portion of
             a window which is larger than the client to be changed.  -U
             moves the visible part up by adjustment rows and -D down, -L
             left by adjustment columns and -R right.  -c returns to
             tracking the cursor automatically.  If adjustment is omit‐
             ted, 1 is used.  Note that the visible position is a prop‐
             erty of the client not of the window, changing the current
             window in the attached session will reset it.

             -C sets the width and height of a control client and -F sets
             a comma-separated list of flags.  Currently the only flag
             available is ‘no-output’ to disable receiving pane output.

             -l requests the clipboard from the client using the xterm(1)
             escape sequence and stores it in a new paste buffer.

             -L, -R, -U and -D move the visible portion of the window
             left, right, up or down by adjustment, if the window is
             larger than the client.  -c resets so that the position fol‐
             lows the cursor.  See the window-size option.

     rename-session [-t target-session] new-name
                   (alias: rename)
             Rename the session to new-name.

     show-messages [-JT] [-t target-client]
                   (alias: showmsgs)
             Show client messages or server information.  Any messages
             displayed on the status line are saved in a per-client mes‐
             sage log, up to a maximum of the limit set by the
             message-limit server option.  With -t, display the log for
             target-client.  -J and -T show debugging information about
             jobs and terminals.

     source-file [-nqv] path ...
                   (alias: source)
             Execute commands from one or more files specified by path
             (which may be glob(7) patterns).  If -q is given, no error
             will be returned if path does not exist.  With -n, the file
             is parsed but no commands are executed.  -v shows the parsed
             commands and line numbers if possible.

     start-server
                   (alias: start)
             Start the tmux server, if not already running, without cre‐
             ating any sessions.

     suspend-client [-t target-client]
                   (alias: suspendc)
             Suspend a client by sending SIGTSTP (tty stop).

     switch-client [-Elnpr] [-c target-client] [-t target-session] [-T
             key-table]
                   (alias: switchc)
             Switch the current session for client target-client to
             target-session.  As a special case, -t may refer to a pane
             (a target that contains ‘:’, ‘.’ or ‘%’), in which case the
             session, window and pane are all changed.  If -l, -n or -p
             is used, the client is moved to the last, next or previous
             session respectively.  -r toggles whether a client is read-
             only (see the attach-session command).

             If -E is used, update-environment option will not be
             applied.

             -T sets the client's key table; the next key from the client
             will be interpreted from key-table.  This may be used to
             configure multiple prefix keys, or to bind commands to
             sequences of keys.  For example, to make typing ‘abc’ run
             the list-keys command:

                   bind-key -Ttable2 c list-keys
                   bind-key -Ttable1 b switch-client -Ttable2
                   bind-key -Troot   a switch-client -Ttable1

WINDOWS AND PANES
     A tmux window may be in one of two modes.  The default permits
     direct access to the terminal attached to the window.  The other is
     copy mode, which permits a section of a window or its history to be
     copied to a paste buffer for later insertion into another window.
     This mode is entered with the copy-mode command, bound to ‘[’ by
     default.  It is also entered when a command that produces output,
     such as list-keys, is executed from a key binding.

     In copy mode an indicator is displayed in the top-right corner of
     the pane with the current position and the number of lines in the
     history.

     Commands are sent to copy mode using the -X flag to the send-keys
     command.  When a key is pressed, copy mode automatically uses one of
     two key tables, depending on the mode-keys option: copy-mode for
     emacs, or copy-mode-vi for vi.  Key tables may be viewed with the
     list-keys command.

     The following commands are supported in copy mode:

           Command                                      vi              emacs
           append-selection
           append-selection-and-cancel                  A
           back-to-indentation                          ^               M-m
           begin-selection                              Space           C-Space
           bottom-line                                  L
           cancel                                       q               Escape
           clear-selection                              Escape          C-g
           copy-end-of-line
                                                                                 [<prefix>]                  D               C-k
           copy-line [<prefix>]
           copy-pipe <command> [<prefix>]
           copy-pipe-no-clear <command> [<prefix>]
           copy-pipe-and-cancel <command> [<prefix>]
           copy-selection [<prefix>]
           copy-selection-no-clear [<prefix>]
           copy-selection-and-cancel
                                                                                 [<prefix>]         Enter           M-w
           cursor-down                                  j               Down
           cursor-left                                  h               Left
           cursor-right                                 l               Right
           cursor-up                                    k               Up
           end-of-line                                  $               C-e
           goto-line <line>                             :               g
           halfpage-down                                C-d             M-Down
           halfpage-down-and-cancel
           halfpage-up                                  C-u             M-Up
           history-bottom                               G               M->
           history-top                                  g               M-<
           jump-again                                   ;               ;
           jump-backward <to>                           F               F
           jump-forward <to>                            f               f
           jump-reverse                                 ,               ,
           jump-to-backward <to>                        T
           jump-to-forward <to>                         t
           middle-line                                  M               M-r
           next-matching-bracket                        %               M-C-f
           next-paragraph                               }               M-}
           next-space                                   W
           next-space-end                               E
           next-word                                    w
           next-word-end                                e               M-f
           other-end                                    o
           page-down                                    C-f             PageDown
           page-down-and-cancel
           page-up                                      C-b             PageUp
           previous-matching-bracket                                    M-C-b
           previous-paragraph                           {               M-{
           previous-space                               B
           previous-word                                b               M-b
           rectangle-toggle                             v               R
           scroll-down                                  C-e             C-Down
           scroll-down-and-cancel
           scroll-up                                    C-y             C-Up
           search-again                                 n               n
           search-backward <for>                        ?
           search-forward <for>                         /
           search-backward-incremental
                                                                                 <for>                            C-r
           search-forward-incremental
                                                                                 <for>                             C-s
           search-reverse                               N               N
           select-line                                  V
           select-word
           start-of-line                                0               C-a
           stop-selection
           top-line                                     H               M-R

     Copy commands may take an optional buffer prefix argument which is
     used to generate the buffer name (the default is ‘buffer’ so buffers
     are named ‘buffer0’, ‘buffer1’ and so on).  Pipe commands take a
     command argument which is the command to which the copied text is
     piped.  The ‘-and-cancel’ variants of some commands exit copy mode
     after they have completed (for copy commands) or when the cursor
     reaches the bottom (for scrolling commands).  ‘-no-clear’ variants
     do not clear the selection.

     The next and previous word keys use space and the ‘-’, ‘_’ and ‘@’
     characters as word delimiters by default, but this can be adjusted
     by setting the word-separators session option.  Next word moves to
     the start of the next word, next word end to the end of the next
     word and previous word to the start of the previous word.  The three
     next and previous space keys work similarly but use a space alone as
     the word separator.

     The jump commands enable quick movement within a line.  For
     instance, typing ‘f’ followed by ‘/’ will move the cursor to the
     next ‘/’ character on the current line.  A ‘;’ will then jump to the
     next occurrence.

     Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count.
     With vi key bindings, a prefix is entered using the number keys;
     with emacs, the Alt (meta) key and a number begins prefix entry.

     The synopsis for the copy-mode command is:

     copy-mode [-Meu] [-t target-pane]
             Enter copy mode.  The -u option scrolls one page up.  -M
             begins a mouse drag (only valid if bound to a mouse key
             binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT).  -e specifies that scrolling to
             the bottom of the history (to the visible screen) should
             exit copy mode.  While in copy mode, pressing a key other
             than those used for scrolling will disable this behaviour.
             This is intended to allow fast scrolling through a pane's
             history, for example with:

                   bind PageUp copy-mode -eu

     Each window displayed by tmux may be split into one or more panes;
     each pane takes up a certain area of the display and is a separate
     terminal.  A window may be split into panes using the split-window
     command.  Windows may be split horizontally (with the -h flag) or
     vertically.  Panes may be resized with the resize-pane command
     (bound to ‘C-Up’, ‘C-Down’ ‘C-Left’ and ‘C-Right’ by default), the
     current pane may be changed with the select-pane command and the
     rotate-window and swap-pane commands may be used to swap panes with‐
     out changing their position.  Panes are numbered beginning from zero
     in the order they are created.

     A number of preset layouts are available.  These may be selected
     with the select-layout command or cycled with next-layout (bound to
     ‘Space’ by default); once a layout is chosen, panes within it may be
     moved and resized as normal.

     The following layouts are supported:

     even-horizontal
             Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the
             window.

     even-vertical
             Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.

     main-horizontal
             A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and
             the remaining panes are spread from left to right in the
             leftover space at the bottom.  Use the main-pane-height win‐
             dow option to specify the height of the top pane.

     main-vertical
             Similar to main-horizontal but the large pane is placed on
             the left and the others spread from top to bottom along the
             right.  See the main-pane-width window option.

     tiled   Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over the window
             in both rows and columns.

     In addition, select-layout may be used to apply a previously used
     layout - the list-windows command displays the layout of each window
     in a form suitable for use with select-layout.  For example:

           $ tmux list-windows
           0: ksh [159x48]
               layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
           $ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}

     tmux automatically adjusts the size of the layout for the current
     window size.  Note that a layout cannot be applied to a window with
     more panes than that from which the layout was originally defined.

     Commands related to windows and panes are as follows:

     break-pane [-dP] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-s src-pane] [-t
             dst-window]
                   (alias: breakp)
             Break src-pane off from its containing window to make it the
             only pane in dst-window.  If -d is given, the new window
             does not become the current window.  The -P option prints
             information about the new window after it has been created.
             By default, it uses the format
             ‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}’ but a different format may
             be specified with -F.

     capture-pane [-aepPqCJ] [-b buffer-name] [-E end-line] [-S
             start-line] [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: capturep)
             Capture the contents of a pane.  If -p is given, the output
             goes to stdout, otherwise to the buffer specified with -b or
             a new buffer if omitted.  If -a is given, the alternate
             screen is used, and the history is not accessible.  If no
             alternate screen exists, an error will be returned unless -q
             is given.  If -e is given, the output includes escape
             sequences for text and background attributes.  -C also
             escapes non-printable characters as octal \xxx.  -J joins
             wrapped lines and preserves trailing spaces at each line's
             end.  -P captures only any output that the pane has received
             that is the beginning of an as-yet incomplete escape
             sequence.

             -S and -E specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero
             is the first line of the visible pane and negative numbers
             are lines in the history.  ‘-’ to -S is the start of the
             history and to -E the end of the visible pane.  The default
             is to capture only the visible contents of the pane.

     choose-client [-NZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O sort-order] [-t
             target-pane] [template]
             Put a pane into client mode, allowing a client to be
             selected interactively from a list.  -Z zooms the pane.  The
             following keys may be used in client mode:

                   Key    Function
                   Enter  Choose selected client
                   Up     Select previous client
                   Down   Select next client
                   C-s    Search by name
                   n      Repeat last search
                   t      Toggle if client is tagged
                   T      Tag no clients
                   C-t    Tag all clients
                   d      Detach selected client
                   D      Detach tagged clients
                   x      Detach and HUP selected client
                   X      Detach and HUP tagged clients
                   z      Suspend selected client
                   Z      Suspend tagged clients
                   f      Enter a format to filter items
                   O      Change sort order
                   v      Toggle preview
                   q      Exit mode

             After a client is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced by the client
             name in template and the result executed as a command.  If
             template is not given, "detach-client -t '%%'" is used.

             -O specifies the initial sort order: one of ‘name’, ‘size’,
             ‘creation’, or ‘activity’.  -f specifies an initial filter:
             the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero, the item
             in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown.  If a fil‐
             ter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.  -F speci‐
             fies the format for each item in the list.  -N starts with‐
             out the preview.  This command works only if at least one
             client is attached.

     choose-tree [-GNswZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O sort-order] [-t
             target-pane] [template]
             Put a pane into tree mode, where a session, window or pane
             may be chosen interactively from a list.  -s starts with
             sessions collapsed and -w with windows collapsed.  -Z zooms
             the pane.  The following keys may be used in tree mode:

                   Key    Function
                   Enter  Choose selected item
                   Up     Select previous item
                   Down   Select next item
                   x      Kill selected item
                   X      Kill tagged items
                   <      Scroll list of previews left
                   >      Scroll list of previews right
                   C-s    Search by name
                   n      Repeat last search
                   t      Toggle if item is tagged
                   T      Tag no items
                   C-t    Tag all items
                   :      Run a command for each tagged item
                   f      Enter a format to filter items
                   O      Change sort order
                   v      Toggle preview
                   q      Exit mode

             After a session, window or pane is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced
             by the target in template and the result executed as a com‐
             mand.  If template is not given, "switch-client -t '%%'" is
             used.

             -O specifies the initial sort order: one of ‘index’, ‘name’,
             or ‘time’.  -f specifies an initial filter: the filter is a
             format - if it evaluates to zero, the item in the list is
             not shown, otherwise it is shown.  If a filter would lead to
             an empty list, it is ignored.  -F specifies the format for
             each item in the tree.  -N starts without the preview.  -G
             includes all sessions in any session groups in the tree
             rather than only the first.  This command works only if at
             least one client is attached.

     display-panes [-b] [-d duration] [-t target-client] [template]
                   (alias: displayp)
             Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by
             target-client.  See the display-panes-colour and
             display-panes-active-colour session options.  The indicator
             is closed when a key is pressed or duration milliseconds
             have passed.  If -d is not given, display-panes-time is
             used.  A duration of zero means the indicator stays until a
             key is pressed.  While the indicator is on screen, a pane
             may be chosen with the ‘0’ to ‘9’ keys, which will cause
             template to be executed as a command with ‘%%’ substituted
             by the pane ID.  The default template is "select-pane -t
             '%%'".  With -b, other commands are not blocked from running
             until the indicator is closed.

     find-window [-rCNTZ] [-t target-pane] match-string
                   (alias: findw)
             Search for a fnmatch(3) pattern or, with -r, regular expres‐
             sion match-string in window names, titles, and visible con‐
             tent (but not history).  The flags control matching behav‐
             ior: -C matches only visible window contents, -N matches
             only the window name and -T matches only the window title.
             The default is -CNT.  -Z zooms the pane.

             This command works only if at least one client is attached.

     join-pane [-bdhv] [-l size | -p percentage] [-s src-pane] [-t
             dst-pane]
                   (alias: joinp)
             Like split-window, but instead of splitting dst-pane and
             creating a new pane, split it and move src-pane into the
             space.  This can be used to reverse break-pane.  The -b
             option causes src-pane to be joined to left of or above
             dst-pane.

             If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see
             select-pane -m), the marked pane is used rather than the
             current pane.

     kill-pane [-a] [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: killp)
             Destroy the given pane.  If no panes remain in the contain‐
             ing window, it is also destroyed.  The -a option kills all
             but the pane given with -t.

     kill-window [-a] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: killw)
             Kill the current window or the window at target-window,
             removing it from any sessions to which it is linked.  The -a
             option kills all but the window given with -t.

     last-pane [-de] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: lastp)
             Select the last (previously selected) pane.  -e enables or
             -d disables input to the pane.

     last-window [-t target-session]
                   (alias: last)
             Select the last (previously selected) window.  If no
             target-session is specified, select the last window of the
             current session.

     link-window [-adk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
                   (alias: linkw)
             Link the window at src-window to the specified dst-window.
             If dst-window is specified and no such window exists, the
             src-window is linked there.  With -a, the window is moved to
             the next index up (following windows are moved if neces‐
             sary).  If -k is given and dst-window exists, it is killed,
             otherwise an error is generated.  If -d is given, the newly
             linked window is not selected.

     list-panes [-as] [-F format] [-t target]
                   (alias: lsp)
             If -a is given, target is ignored and all panes on the
             server are listed.  If -s is given, target is a session (or
             the current session).  If neither is given, target is a win‐
             dow (or the current window).  For the meaning of the -F
             flag, see the FORMATS section.

     list-windows [-a] [-F format] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: lsw)
             If -a is given, list all windows on the server.  Otherwise,
             list windows in the current session or in target-session.
             For the meaning of the -F flag, see the FORMATS section.

     move-pane [-bdhv] [-l size | -p percentage] [-s src-pane] [-t
             dst-pane]
                   (alias: movep)
             Like join-pane, but src-pane and dst-pane may belong to the
             same window.

     move-window [-ardk] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
                   (alias: movew)
             This is similar to link-window, except the window at
             src-window is moved to dst-window.  With -r, all windows in
             the session are renumbered in sequential order, respecting
             the base-index option.

     new-window [-adkP] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-F format]
             [-n window-name] [-t target-window] [shell-command]
                   (alias: neww)
             Create a new window.  With -a, the new window is inserted at
             the next index up from the specified target-window, moving
             windows up if necessary, otherwise target-window is the new
             window location.

             If -d is given, the session does not make the new window the
             current window.  target-window represents the window to be
             created; if the target already exists an error is shown,
             unless the -k flag is used, in which case it is destroyed.
             shell-command is the command to execute.  If shell-command
             is not specified, the value of the default-command option is
             used.  -c specifies the working directory in which the new
             window is created.

             When the shell command completes, the window closes.  See
             the remain-on-exit option to change this behaviour.

             -e takes the form ‘VARIABLE=value’ and sets an environment
             variable for the newly created window; it may be specified
             multiple times.

             The TERM environment variable must be set to ‘screen’ or
             ‘tmux’ for all programs running inside tmux.  New windows
             will automatically have ‘TERM=screen’ added to their envi‐
             ronment, but care must be taken not to reset this in shell
             start-up files or by the -e option.

             The -P option prints information about the new window after
             it has been created.  By default, it uses the format
             ‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}’ but a different format may
             be specified with -F.

     next-layout [-t target-window]
                   (alias: nextl)
             Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to
             fit.

     next-window [-a] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: next)
             Move to the next window in the session.  If -a is used, move
             to the next window with an alert.

     pipe-pane [-IOo] [-t target-pane] [shell-command]
                   (alias: pipep)
             Pipe output sent by the program in target-pane to a shell
             command or vice versa.  A pane may only be connected to one
             command at a time, any existing pipe is closed before
             shell-command is executed.  The shell-command string may
             contain the special character sequences supported by the
             status-left option.  If no shell-command is given, the cur‐
             rent pipe (if any) is closed.

             -I and -O specify which of the shell-command output streams
             are connected to the pane: with -I stdout is connected (so
             anything shell-command prints is written to the pane as if
             it were typed); with -O stdin is connected (so any output in
             the pane is piped to shell-command).  Both may be used
             together and if neither are specified, -O is used.

             The -o option only opens a new pipe if no previous pipe
             exists, allowing a pipe to be toggled with a single key, for
             example:

                   bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P'

     previous-layout [-t target-window]
                   (alias: prevl)
             Move to the previous layout in the session.

     previous-window [-a] [-t target-session]
                   (alias: prev)
             Move to the previous window in the session.  With -a, move
             to the previous window with an alert.

     rename-window [-t target-window] new-name
                   (alias: renamew)
             Rename the current window, or the window at target-window if
             specified, to new-name.

     resize-pane [-DLMRUZ] [-t target-pane] [-x width] [-y height]
             [adjustment]
                   (alias: resizep)
             Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by adjustment with
             -U, -D, -L or -R, or to an absolute size with -x or -y.  The
             adjustment is given in lines or cells (the default is 1).

             With -Z, the active pane is toggled between zoomed (occupy‐
             ing the whole of the window) and unzoomed (its normal posi‐
             tion in the layout).

             -M begins mouse resizing (only valid if bound to a mouse key
             binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT).

     resize-window [-aADLRU] [-t target-window] [-x width] [-y height]
             [adjustment]
                   (alias: resizew)
             Resize a window, up, down, left or right by adjustment with
             -U, -D, -L or -R, or to an absolute size with -x or -y.  The
             adjustment is given in lines or cells (the default is 1).
             -A sets the size of the largest session containing the win‐
             dow; -a the size of the smallest.  This command will auto‐
             matically set window-size to manual in the window options.

     respawn-pane [-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-t
             target-pane] [shell-command]
                   (alias: respawnp)
             Reactivate a pane in which the command has exited (see the
             remain-on-exit window option).  If shell-command is not
             given, the command used when the pane was created is exe‐
             cuted.  The pane must be already inactive, unless -k is
             given, in which case any existing command is killed.  -c
             specifies a new working directory for the pane.  The -e
             option has the same meaning as for the new-window command.

     respawn-window [-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-t
             target-window] [shell-command]
                   (alias: respawnw)
             Reactivate a window in which the command has exited (see the
             remain-on-exit window option).  If shell-command is not
             given, the command used when the window was created is exe‐
             cuted.  The window must be already inactive, unless -k is
             given, in which case any existing command is killed.  -c
             specifies a new working directory for the window.  The -e
             option has the same meaning as for the new-window command.

     rotate-window [-DU] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: rotatew)
             Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either
             upward (numerically lower) with -U or downward (numerically
             higher).

     select-layout [-Enop] [-t target-pane] [layout-name]
                   (alias: selectl)
             Choose a specific layout for a window.  If layout-name is
             not given, the last preset layout used (if any) is reap‐
             plied.  -n and -p are equivalent to the next-layout and
             previous-layout commands.  -o applies the last set layout if
             possible (undoes the most recent layout change).  -E spreads
             the current pane and any panes next to it out evenly.

     select-pane [-DdeLlMmRU] [-T title] [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: selectp)
             Make pane target-pane the active pane in window
             target-window.  If one of -D, -L, -R, or -U is used, respec‐
             tively the pane below, to the left, to the right, or above
             the target pane is used.  -l is the same as using the
             last-pane command.  -e enables or -d disables input to the
             pane.  -T sets the pane title.

             -m and -M are used to set and clear the marked pane.  There
             is one marked pane at a time, setting a new marked pane
             clears the last.  The marked pane is the default target for
             -s to join-pane, swap-pane and swap-window.

     select-window [-lnpT] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: selectw)
             Select the window at target-window.  -l, -n and -p are
             equivalent to the last-window, next-window and
             previous-window commands.  If -T is given and the selected
             window is already the current window, the command behaves
             like last-window.

     split-window [-bdfhIvP] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-l
             size | -p percentage] [-t target-pane] [shell-command] [-F
             format]
                   (alias: splitw)
             Create a new pane by splitting target-pane: -h does a hori‐
             zontal split and -v a vertical split; if neither is speci‐
             fied, -v is assumed.  The -l and -p options specify the size
             of the new pane in lines (for vertical split) or in cells
             (for horizontal split), or as a percentage, respectively.
             The -b option causes the new pane to be created to the left
             of or above target-pane.  The -f option creates a new pane
             spanning the full window height (with -h) or full window
             width (with -v), instead of splitting the active pane.

             An empty shell-command ('') will create a pane with no com‐
             mand running in it.  Output can be sent to such a pane with
             the display-message command.  The -I flag (if shell-command
             is not specified or empty) will create an empty pane and
             forward any output from stdin to it.  For example:

                   $ make 2>&1|tmux splitw -dI &

             All other options have the same meaning as for the
             new-window command.

     swap-pane [-dDU] [-s src-pane] [-t dst-pane]
                   (alias: swapp)
             Swap two panes.  If -U is used and no source pane is speci‐
             fied with -s, dst-pane is swapped with the previous pane
             (before it numerically); -D swaps with the next pane (after
             it numerically).  -d instructs tmux not to change the active
             pane.

             If -s is omitted and a marked pane is present (see
             select-pane -m), the marked pane is used rather than the
             current pane.

     swap-window [-d] [-s src-window] [-t dst-window]
                   (alias: swapw)
             This is similar to link-window, except the source and desti‐
             nation windows are swapped.  It is an error if no window
             exists at src-window.

             Like swap-pane, if -s is omitted and a marked pane is
             present (see select-pane -m), the window containing the
             marked pane is used rather than the current window.

     unlink-window [-k] [-t target-window]
                   (alias: unlinkw)
             Unlink target-window.  Unless -k is given, a window may be
             unlinked only if it is linked to multiple sessions - windows
             may not be linked to no sessions; if -k is specified and the
             window is linked to only one session, it is unlinked and
             destroyed.

KEY BINDINGS
     tmux allows a command to be bound to most keys, with or without a
     prefix key.  When specifying keys, most represent themselves (for
     example ‘A’ to ‘Z’).  Ctrl keys may be prefixed with ‘C-’ or ‘^’,
     and Alt (meta) with ‘M-’.  In addition, the following special key
     names are accepted: Up, Down, Left, Right, BSpace, BTab, DC
     (Delete), End, Enter, Escape, F1 to F12, Home, IC (Insert),
     NPage/PageDown/PgDn, PPage/PageUp/PgUp, Space, and Tab.  Note that
     to bind the ‘"’ or ‘'’ keys, quotation marks are necessary, for
     example:

           bind-key '"' split-window
           bind-key "'" new-window

     Commands related to key bindings are as follows:

     bind-key [-nr] [-T key-table] key command [arguments]
                   (alias: bind)
             Bind key key to command.  Keys are bound in a key table.  By
             default (without -T), the key is bound in the prefix key ta‐
             ble.  This table is used for keys pressed after the prefix
             key (for example, by default ‘c’ is bound to new-window in
             the prefix table, so ‘C-b c’ creates a new window).  The
             root table is used for keys pressed without the prefix key:
             binding ‘c’ to new-window in the root table (not recom‐
             mended) means a plain ‘c’ will create a new window.  -n is
             an alias for -T root.  Keys may also be bound in custom key
             tables and the switch-client -T command used to switch to
             them from a key binding.  The -r flag indicates this key may
             repeat, see the repeat-time option.

             To view the default bindings and possible commands, see the
             list-keys command.

     list-keys [-T key-table]
                   (alias: lsk)
             List all key bindings.  Without -T all key tables are
             printed.  With -T only key-table.

     send-keys [-HlMRX] [-N repeat-count] [-t target-pane] key ...
                   (alias: send)
             Send a key or keys to a window.  Each argument key is the
             name of the key (such as ‘C-a’ or ‘NPage’) to send; if the
             string is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of
             characters.  All arguments are sent sequentially from first
             to last.

             The -l flag disables key name lookup and processes the keys
             as literal UTF-8 characters.  The -H flag expects each key
             to be a hexadecimal number for an ASCII character.

             The -R flag causes the terminal state to be reset.

             -M passes through a mouse event (only valid if bound to a
             mouse key binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT).

             -X is used to send a command into copy mode - see the
             WINDOWS AND PANES section.  -N specifies a repeat count.

     send-prefix [-2] [-t target-pane]
             Send the prefix key, or with -2 the secondary prefix key, to
             a window as if it was pressed.

     unbind-key [-an] [-T key-table] key
                   (alias: unbind)
             Unbind the command bound to key.  -n and -T are the same as
             for bind-key.  If -a is present, all key bindings are
             removed.

OPTIONS
     The appearance and behaviour of tmux may be modified by changing the
     value of various options.  There are four types of option: server
     options, session options window options and pane options.

     The tmux server has a set of global options which do not apply to
     any particular window or session or pane.  These are altered with
     the set-option -s command, or displayed with the show-options -s
     command.

     In addition, each individual session may have a set of session
     options, and there is a separate set of global session options.
     Sessions which do not have a particular option configured inherit
     the value from the global session options.  Session options are set
     or unset with the set-option command and may be listed with the
     show-options command.  The available server and session options are
     listed under the set-option command.

     Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window and a
     set of pane options to each pane.  Pane options inherit from window
     options.  This means any pane option may be set as a window option
     to apply the option to all panes in the window without the option
     set, for example these commands will set the background colour to
     red for all panes except pane 0:

           set -w window-style bg=red
           set -pt:.0 window-style bg=blue

     There is also a set of global window options from which any unset
     window or pane options are inherited.  Window and pane options are
     altered with set-option -w and -p commands and displayed with
     show-option -w and -p.

     tmux also supports user options which are prefixed with a ‘@’.  User
     options may have any name, so long as they are prefixed with ‘@’,
     and be set to any string.  For example:

           $ tmux setw -q @foo "abc123"
           $ tmux showw -v @foo
           abc123

     Commands which set options are as follows:

     set-option [-aFgopqsuw] [-t target-pane] option value
                   (alias: set)
             Set a pane option with -p, a window option with -w, a server
             option with -s, otherwise a session option.  If the option
             is not a user option, -w or -s may be unnecessary - tmux
             will infer the type from the option name, assuming -w for
             pane options.  If -g is given, the global session or window
             option is set.

             -F expands formats in the option value.  The -u flag unsets
             an option, so a session inherits the option from the global
             options (or with -g, restores a global option to the
             default).

             The -o flag prevents setting an option that is already set
             and the -q flag suppresses errors about unknown or ambiguous
             options.

             With -a, and if the option expects a string or a style,
             value is appended to the existing setting.  For example:

                   set -g status-left "foo"
                   set -ag status-left "bar"

             Will result in ‘foobar’.  And:

                   set -g status-style "bg=red"
                   set -ag status-style "fg=blue"

             Will result in a red background and blue foreground.  With‐
             out -a, the result would be the default background and a
             blue foreground.

     show-options [-AgHpqsvw] [-t target-pane] [option]
                   (alias: show)
             Show the pane options (or a single option if option is pro‐
             vided) with -p, the window options with -w, the server
             options with -s, otherwise the session options.  If the
             option is not a user option, -w or -s may be unnecessary -
             tmux will infer the type from the option name, assuming -w
             for pane options.  Global session or window options are
             listed if -g is used.  -v shows only the option value, not
             the name.  If -q is set, no error will be returned if option
             is unset.  -H includes hooks (omitted by default).  -A
             includes options inherited from a parent set of options,
             such options are marked with an asterisk.  value depends on
             the option and may be a number, a string, or a flag (on,
             off, or omitted to toggle).

     Available server options are:

     buffer-limit number
             Set the number of buffers; as new buffers are added to the
             top of the stack, old ones are removed from the bottom if
             necessary to maintain this maximum length.

     command-alias[] name=value
             This is an array of custom aliases for commands.  If an
             unknown command matches name, it is replaced with value.
             For example, after:

                   set -s command-alias[100] zoom='resize-pane -Z'

             Using:

                   zoom -t:.1

             Is equivalent to:

                   resize-pane -Z -t:.1

             Note that aliases are expanded when a command is parsed
             rather than when it is executed, so binding an alias with
             bind-key will bind the expanded form.

     default-terminal terminal
             Set the default terminal for new windows created in this
             session - the default value of the TERM environment vari‐
             able.  For tmux to work correctly, this must be set to
             ‘screen’, ‘tmux’ or a derivative of them.

     escape-time time
             Set the time in milliseconds for which tmux waits after an
             escape is input to determine if it is part of a function or
             meta key sequences.  The default is 500 milliseconds.

     exit-empty [on | off]
             If enabled (the default), the server will exit when there
             are no active sessions.

     exit-unattached [on | off]
             If enabled, the server will exit when there are no attached
             clients.

     focus-events [on | off]
             When enabled, focus events are requested from the terminal
             if supported and passed through to applications running in
             tmux.  Attached clients should be detached and attached
             again after changing this option.

     history-file path
             If not empty, a file to which tmux will write command prompt
             history on exit and load it from on start.

     message-limit number
             Set the number of error or information messages to save in
             the message log for each client.  The default is 100.

     set-clipboard [on | external | off]
             Attempt to set the terminal clipboard content using the
             xterm(1) escape sequence, if there is an Ms entry in the
             terminfo(5) description (see the TERMINFO EXTENSIONS sec‐
             tion).

             If set to on, tmux will both accept the escape sequence to
             create a buffer and attempt to set the terminal clipboard.
             If set to external, tmux will attempt to set the terminal
             clipboard but ignore attempts by applications to set tmux
             buffers.  If off, tmux will neither accept the clipboard
             escape sequence nor attempt to set the clipboard.

             Note that this feature needs to be enabled in xterm(1) by
             setting the resource:

                   disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop

             Or changing this property from the xterm(1) interactive menu
             when required.

     terminal-overrides[] string
             Allow terminal descriptions read using terminfo(5) to be
             overridden.  Each entry is a colon-separated string made up
             of a terminal type pattern (matched using fnmatch(3)) and a
             set of name=value entries.

             For example, to set the ‘clear’ terminfo(5) entry to
             ‘\e[H\e[2J’ for all terminal types matching ‘rxvt*’:

                   rxvt*:clear=\e[H\e[2J

             The terminal entry value is passed through strunvis(3)
             before interpretation.

     user-keys[] key
             Set list of user-defined key escape sequences.  Each item is
             associated with a key named ‘User0’, ‘User1’, and so on.

             For example:

                   set -s user-keys[0] "\e[5;30012~"
                   bind User0 resize-pane -L 3

     Available session options are:

     activity-action [any | none | current | other]
             Set action on window activity when monitor-activity is on.
             any means activity in any window linked to a session causes
             a bell or message (depending on visual-activity) in the cur‐
             rent window of that session, none means all activity is
             ignored (equivalent to monitor-activity being off), current
             means only activity in windows other than the current window
             are ignored and other means activity in the current window
             is ignored but not those in other windows.

     assume-paste-time milliseconds
             If keys are entered faster than one in milliseconds, they
             are assumed to have been pasted rather than typed and tmux
             key bindings are not processed.  The default is one mil‐
             lisecond and zero disables.

     base-index index
             Set the base index from which an unused index should be
             searched when a new window is created.  The default is zero.

     bell-action [any | none | current | other]
             Set action on a bell in a window when monitor-bell is on.
             The values are the same as those for activity-action.

     default-command shell-command
             Set the command used for new windows (if not specified when
             the window is created) to shell-command, which may be any
             sh(1) command.  The default is an empty string, which
             instructs tmux to create a login shell using the value of
             the default-shell option.

     default-shell path
             Specify the default shell.  This is used as the login shell
             for new windows when the default-command option is set to
             empty, and must be the full path of the executable.  When
             started tmux tries to set a default value from the first
             suitable of the SHELL environment variable, the shell
             returned by getpwuid(3), or /bin/sh.  This option should be
             configured when tmux is used as a login shell.

     default-size XxY
             Set the default size of new windows when the window-size
             option is set to manual or when a session is created with
             new-session -d.  The value is the width and height separated
             by an ‘x’ character.  The default is 80x24.

     destroy-unattached [on | off]
             If enabled and the session is no longer attached to any
             clients, it is destroyed.

     detach-on-destroy [on | off]
             If on (the default), the client is detached when the session
             it is attached to is destroyed.  If off, the client is
             switched to the most recently active of the remaining ses‐
             sions.

     display-panes-active-colour colour
             Set the colour used by the display-panes command to show the
             indicator for the active pane.

     display-panes-colour colour
             Set the colour used by the display-panes command to show the
             indicators for inactive panes.

     display-panes-time time
             Set the time in milliseconds for which the indicators shown
             by the display-panes command appear.

     display-time time
             Set the amount of time for which status line messages and
             other on-screen indicators are displayed.  If set to 0, mes‐
             sages and indicators are displayed until a key is pressed.
             time is in milliseconds.

     history-limit lines
             Set the maximum number of lines held in window history.
             This setting applies only to new windows - existing window
             histories are not resized and retain the limit at the point
             they were created.

     key-table key-table
             Set the default key table to key-table instead of root.

     lock-after-time number
             Lock the session (like the lock-session command) after
             number seconds of inactivity.  The default is not to lock
             (set to 0).

     lock-command shell-command
             Command to run when locking each client.  The default is to
             run lock(1) with -np.

     message-command-style style
             Set status line message command style.  For how to specify
             style, see the STYLES section.

     message-style style
             Set status line message style.  For how to specify style,
             see the STYLES section.

     mouse [on | off]
             If on, tmux captures the mouse and allows mouse events to be
             bound as key bindings.  See the MOUSE SUPPORT section for
             details.

     prefix key
             Set the key accepted as a prefix key.  In addition to the
             standard keys described under KEY BINDINGS, prefix can be
             set to the special key ‘None’ to set no prefix.

     prefix2 key
             Set a secondary key accepted as a prefix key.  Like prefix,
             prefix2 can be set to ‘None’.

     renumber-windows [on | off]
             If on, when a window is closed in a session, automatically
             renumber the other windows in numerical order.  This
             respects the base-index option if it has been set.  If off,
             do not renumber the windows.

     repeat-time time
             Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing the
             prefix-key again in the specified time milliseconds (the
             default is 500).  Whether a key repeats may be set when it
             is bound using the -r flag to bind-key.  Repeat is enabled
             for the default keys bound to the resize-pane command.

     set-titles [on | off]
             Attempt to set the client terminal title using the tsl and
             fsl terminfo(5) entries if they exist.  tmux automatically
             sets these to the \e]0;...\007 sequence if the terminal
             appears to be xterm(1).  This option is off by default.

     set-titles-string string
             String used to set the client terminal title if set-titles
             is on.  Formats are expanded, see the FORMATS section.

     silence-action [any | none | current | other]
             Set action on window silence when monitor-silence is on.
             The values are the same as those for activity-action.

     status [off | on | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5]
             Show or hide the status line or specify its size.  Using on
             gives a status line one row in height; 2, 3, 4 or 5 more
             rows.

     status-format[] format
             Specify the format to be used for each line of the status
             line.  The default builds the top status line from the vari‐
             ous individual status options below.

     status-interval interval
             Update the status line every interval seconds.  By default,
             updates will occur every 15 seconds.  A setting of zero dis‐
             ables redrawing at interval.

     status-justify [left | centre | right]
             Set the position of the window list component of the status
             line: left, centre or right justified.

     status-keys [vi | emacs]
             Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in the status line, for
             example at the command prompt.  The default is emacs, unless
             the VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables are set and con‐
             tain the string ‘vi’.

     status-left string
             Display string (by default the session name) to the left of
             the status line.  string will be passed through strftime(3).
             Also see the FORMATS and STYLES sections.

             For details on how the names and titles can be set see the
             NAMES AND TITLES section.

             Examples are:

                   #(sysctl vm.loadavg)
                   #[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S]

             The default is ‘[#S] ’.

     status-left-length length
             Set the maximum length of the left component of the status
             line.  The default is 10.

     status-left-style style
             Set the style of the left part of the status line.  For how
             to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     status-position [top | bottom]
             Set the position of the status line.

     status-right string
             Display string to the right of the status line.  By default,
             the current pane title in double quotes, the date and the
             time are shown.  As with status-left, string will be passed
             to strftime(3) and character pairs are replaced.

     status-right-length length
             Set the maximum length of the right component of the status
             line.  The default is 40.

     status-right-style style
             Set the style of the right part of the status line.  For how
             to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     status-style style
             Set status line style.  For how to specify style, see the
             STYLES section.

     update-environment[] variable
             Set list of environment variables to be copied into the ses‐
             sion environment when a new session is created or an exist‐
             ing session is attached.  Any variables that do not exist in
             the source environment are set to be removed from the ses‐
             sion environment (as if -r was given to the set-environment
             command).

     visual-activity [on | off | both]
             If on, display a message instead of sending a bell when
             activity occurs in a window for which the monitor-activity
             window option is enabled.  If set to both, a bell and a mes‐
             sage are produced.

     visual-bell [on | off | both]
             If on, a message is shown on a bell in a window for which
             the monitor-bell window option is enabled instead of it
             being passed through to the terminal (which normally makes a
             sound).  If set to both, a bell and a message are produced.
             Also see the bell-action option.

     visual-silence [on | off | both]
             If monitor-silence is enabled, prints a message after the
             interval has expired on a given window instead of sending a
             bell.  If set to both, a bell and a message are produced.

     word-separators string
             Sets the session's conception of what characters are consid‐
             ered word separators, for the purposes of the next and pre‐
             vious word commands in copy mode.  The default is ‘ -_@’.

     Available window options are:

     aggressive-resize [on | off]
             Aggressively resize the chosen window.  This means that tmux
             will resize the window to the size of the smallest or
             largest session (see the window-size option) for which it is
             the current window, rather than the session to which it is
             attached.  The window may resize when the current window is
             changed on another session; this option is good for full-
             screen programs which support SIGWINCH and poor for interac‐
             tive programs such as shells.

     automatic-rename [on | off]
             Control automatic window renaming.  When this setting is
             enabled, tmux will rename the window automatically using the
             format specified by automatic-rename-format.  This flag is
             automatically disabled for an individual window when a name
             is specified at creation with new-window or new-session, or
             later with rename-window, or with a terminal escape
             sequence.  It may be switched off globally with:

                   set-option -wg automatic-rename off

     automatic-rename-format format
             The format (see FORMATS) used when the automatic-rename
             option is enabled.

     clock-mode-colour colour
             Set clock colour.

     clock-mode-style [12 | 24]
             Set clock hour format.

     main-pane-height height
     main-pane-width width
             Set the width or height of the main (left or top) pane in
             the main-horizontal or main-vertical layouts.

     mode-keys [vi | emacs]
             Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in copy mode.  The
             default is emacs, unless VISUAL or EDITOR contains ‘vi’.

     mode-style style
             Set window modes style.  For how to specify style, see the
             STYLES section.

     monitor-activity [on | off]
             Monitor for activity in the window.  Windows with activity
             are highlighted in the status line.

     monitor-bell [on | off]
             Monitor for a bell in the window.  Windows with a bell are
             highlighted in the status line.

     monitor-silence [interval]
             Monitor for silence (no activity) in the window within
             interval seconds.  Windows that have been silent for the
             interval are highlighted in the status line.  An interval of
             zero disables the monitoring.

     other-pane-height height
             Set the height of the other panes (not the main pane) in the
             main-horizontal layout.  If this option is set to 0 (the
             default), it will have no effect.  If both the
             main-pane-height and other-pane-height options are set, the
             main pane will grow taller to make the other panes the spec‐
             ified height, but will never shrink to do so.

     other-pane-width width
             Like other-pane-height, but set the width of other panes in
             the main-vertical layout.

     pane-active-border-style style
             Set the pane border style for the currently active pane.
             For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
             Attributes are ignored.

     pane-base-index index
             Like base-index, but set the starting index for pane num‐
             bers.

     pane-border-format format
             Set the text shown in pane border status lines.

     pane-border-status [off | top | bottom]
             Turn pane border status lines off or set their position.

     pane-border-style style
             Set the pane border style for panes aside from the active
             pane.  For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
             Attributes are ignored.

     synchronize-panes [on | off]
             Duplicate input to any pane to all other panes in the same
             window (only for panes that are not in any special mode).

     window-status-activity-style style
             Set status line style for windows with an activity alert.
             For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     window-status-bell-style style
             Set status line style for windows with a bell alert.  For
             how to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     window-status-current-format string
             Like window-status-format, but is the format used when the
             window is the current window.

     window-status-current-style style
             Set status line style for the currently active window.  For
             how to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     window-status-format string
             Set the format in which the window is displayed in the sta‐
             tus line window list.  See the FORMATS and STYLES sections.

     window-status-last-style style
             Set status line style for the last active window.  For how
             to specify style, see the STYLES section.

     window-status-separator string
             Sets the separator drawn between windows in the status line.
             The default is a single space character.

     window-status-style style
             Set status line style for a single window.  For how to spec‐
             ify style, see the STYLES section.

     window-size largest | smallest | manual
             Configure how tmux determines the window size.  If set to
             largest, the size of the largest attached session is used;
             if smallest, the size of the smallest.  If manual, the size
             of a new window is set from the default-size option and win‐
             dows are resized automatically.  See also the resize-window
             command and the aggressive-resize option.

     wrap-search [on | off]
             If this option is set, searches will wrap around the end of
             the pane contents.  The default is on.

     xterm-keys [on | off]
             If this option is set, tmux will generate xterm(1) -style
             function key sequences; these have a number included to
             indicate modifiers such as Shift, Alt or Ctrl.

     Available pane options are:

     allow-rename [on | off]
             Allow programs in the pane to change the window name using a
             terminal escape sequence (\ek...\e\\).

     alternate-screen [on | off]
             This option configures whether programs running inside the
             pane may use the terminal alternate screen feature, which
             allows the smcup and rmcup terminfo(5) capabilities.  The
             alternate screen feature preserves the contents of the win‐
             dow when an interactive application starts and restores it
             on exit, so that any output visible before the application
             starts reappears unchanged after it exits.

     remain-on-exit [on | off]
             A pane with this flag set is not destroyed when the program
             running in it exits.  The pane may be reactivated with the
             respawn-pane command.

     window-active-style style
             Set the pane style when it is the active pane.  For how to
             specify style, see the STYLES section.

     window-style style
             Set the pane style.  For how to specify style, see the
             STYLES section.

HOOKS
     tmux allows commands to run on various triggers, called hooks.  Most
     tmux commands have an after hook and there are a number of hooks not
     associated with commands.

     Hooks are stored as array options, members of the array are executed
     in order when the hook is triggered.  Hooks may be configured with
     the set-hook or set-option commands and displayed with show-hooks or
     show-options -H.  The following two commands are equivalent:

            set-hook -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g status-left-style bg=red'
            set-option -g pane-mode-changed[42] 'set -g status-left-style bg=red'

     Setting a hook without specifying an array index clears the hook and
     sets the first member of the array.

     A command's after hook is run after it completes, except when the
     command is run as part of a hook itself.  They are named with an
     ‘after-’ prefix.  For example, the following command adds a hook to
     select the even-vertical layout after every split-window:

           set-hook -g after-split-window "selectl even-vertical"

     All the notifications listed in the CONTROL MODE section are hooks
     (without any arguments), except %exit.  The following additional
     hooks are available:

     alert-activity          Run when a window has activity.  See
                             monitor-activity.

     alert-bell              Run when a window has received a bell.  See
                             monitor-bell.

     alert-silence           Run when a window has been silent.  See
                             monitor-silence.

     client-attached         Run when a client is attached.

     client-detached         Run when a client is detached

     client-resized          Run when a client is resized.

     client-session-changed  Run when a client's attached session is
                             changed.

     pane-died               Run when the program running in a pane
                             exits, but remain-on-exit is on so the pane
                             has not closed.

     pane-exited             Run when the program running in a pane
                             exits.

     pane-focus-in           Run when the focus enters a pane, if the
                             focus-events option is on.

     pane-focus-out          Run when the focus exits a pane, if the
                             focus-events option is on.

     pane-set-clipboard      Run when the terminal clipboard is set using
                             the xterm(1) escape sequence.

     session-created         Run when a new session created.

     session-closed          Run when a session closed.

     session-renamed         Run when a session is renamed.

     window-linked           Run when a window is linked into a session.

     window-renamed          Run when a window is renamed.

     window-unlinked         Run when a window is unlinked from a ses‐
                             sion.

     Hooks are managed with these commands:

     set-hook [-agRu] [-t target-session] hook-name command
             Without -R, sets (or with -u unsets) hook hook-name to
             command.  If -g is given, hook-name is added to the global
             list of hooks, otherwise it is added to the session hooks
             (for target-session with -t).  -a appends to a hook.  Like
             options, session hooks inherit from the global ones.

             With -R, run hook-name immediately.

     show-hooks [-g] [-t target-session]
             Shows the global list of hooks with -g, otherwise the ses‐
             sion hooks.

MOUSE SUPPORT
     If the mouse option is on (the default is off), tmux allows mouse
     events to be bound as keys.  The name of each key is made up of a
     mouse event (such as ‘MouseUp1’) and a location suffix, one of the
     following:

           Pane             the contents of a pane
           Border           a pane border
           Status           the status line window list
           StatusLeft       the left part of the status line
           StatusRight      the right part of the status line
           StatusDefault    any other part of the status line

     The following mouse events are available:

           WheelUp       WheelDown
           MouseDown1    MouseUp1      MouseDrag1   MouseDragEnd1
           MouseDown2    MouseUp2      MouseDrag2   MouseDragEnd2
           MouseDown3    MouseUp3      MouseDrag3   MouseDragEnd3
           DoubleClick1  DoubleClick2  DoubleClick3
           TripleClick1  TripleClick2  TripleClick3

     Each should be suffixed with a location, for example
     ‘MouseDown1Status’.

     The special token ‘{mouse}’ or ‘=’ may be used as target-window or
     target-pane in commands bound to mouse key bindings.  It resolves to
     the window or pane over which the mouse event took place (for exam‐
     ple, the window in the status line over which button 1 was released
     for a ‘MouseUp1Status’ binding, or the pane over which the wheel was
     scrolled for a ‘WheelDownPane’ binding).

     The send-keys -M flag may be used to forward a mouse event to a
     pane.

     The default key bindings allow the mouse to be used to select and
     resize panes, to copy text and to change window using the status
     line.  These take effect if the mouse option is turned on.

FORMATS
     Certain commands accept the -F flag with a format argument.  This is
     a string which controls the output format of the command.  Format
     variables are enclosed in ‘#{’ and ‘}’, for example
     ‘#{session_name}’.  The possible variables are listed in the table
     below, or the name of a tmux option may be used for an option's
     value.  Some variables have a shorter alias such as ‘#S’; ‘##’ is
     replaced by a single ‘#’, ‘#,’ by a ‘,’ and ‘#}’ by a ‘}’.

     Conditionals are available by prefixing with ‘?’ and separating two
     alternatives with a comma; if the specified variable exists and is
     not zero, the first alternative is chosen, otherwise the second is
     used.  For example ‘#{?session_attached,attached,not attached}’ will
     include the string ‘attached’ if the session is attached and the
     string ‘not attached’ if it is unattached, or
     ‘#{?automatic-rename,yes,no}’ will include ‘yes’ if automatic-rename
     is enabled, or ‘no’ if not.  Conditionals can be nested arbitrarily.
     Inside a conditional, ‘,’ and ‘}’ must be escaped as ‘#,’ and ‘#}’,
     unless they are part of a ‘#{...}’ replacement.  For example:

           #{?pane_in_mode,#[fg=white#,bg=red],#[fg=red#,bg=white]}#W .

     String comparisons may be expressed by prefixing two comma-separated
     alternatives by ‘==’, ‘!=’, ‘<’, ‘>’, ‘<=’ or ‘>=’ and a colon.  For
     example ‘#{==:#{host},myhost}’ will be replaced by ‘1’ if running on
     ‘myhost’, otherwise by ‘0’.  ‘||’ and ‘&&’ evaluate to true if
     either or both of two comma-separated alternatives are true, for
     example ‘#{||:#{pane_in_mode},#{alternate_on}}’.

     An ‘m’ specifies an fnmatch(3) or regular expression comparison.
     The first argument is the pattern and the second the string to com‐
     pare.  An optional third argument specifies flags: ‘r’ means the
     pattern is a regular expression instead of the default fnmatch(3)
     pattern, and ‘i’ means to ignore case.  For example:
     ‘#{m:*foo*,#{host}}’ or ‘#{m/ri:^A,MYVAR}’.  A ‘C’ performs a search
     for an fnmatch(3) pattern or regular expression in the pane content
     and evaluates to zero if not found, or a line number if found.  Like
     ‘m’, an ‘r’ flag means search for a regular expression and ‘i’
     ignores case.  For example: ‘#{C/r:^Start}’

     A limit may be placed on the length of the resultant string by pre‐
     fixing it by an ‘=’, a number and a colon.  Positive numbers count
     from the start of the string and negative from the end, so
     ‘#{=5:pane_title}’ will include at most the first five characters of
     the pane title, or ‘#{=-5:pane_title}’ the last five characters.  A
     suffix or prefix may be given as a second argument - if provided
     then it is appended or prepended to the string if the length has
     been trimmed, for example ‘#{=/5/...:pane_title}’ will append ‘...’
     if the pane title is more than five characters.

     Prefixing a time variable with ‘t:’ will convert it to a string, so
     if ‘#{window_activity}’ gives ‘1445765102’, ‘#{t:window_activity}’
     gives ‘Sun Oct 25 09:25:02 2015’.  The ‘b:’ and ‘d:’ prefixes are
     basename(3) and dirname(3) of the variable respectively.  ‘q:’ will
     escape sh(1) special characters.  ‘E:’ will expand the format twice,
     for example ‘#{E:status-left}’ is the result of expanding the con‐
     tent of the status-left option rather than the option itself.  ‘T:’
     is like ‘E:’ but also expands strftime(3) specifiers.  ‘S:’, ‘W:’ or
     ‘P:’ will loop over each session, window or pane and insert the for‐
     mat once for each.  For windows and panes, two comma-separated for‐
     mats may be given: the second is used for the current window or
     active pane.  For example, to get a list of windows formatted like
     the status line:

           #{W:#{E:window-status-format} ,#{E:window-status-current-format} }

     A prefix of the form ‘s/foo/bar/:’ will substitute ‘foo’ with ‘bar’
     throughout.  The first argument may be an extended regular expres‐
     sion and a final argument may be ‘i’ to ignore case, for example
     ‘s/a(.)/\1x/i:’ would change ‘abABab’ into ‘bxBxbx’.

     In addition, the last line of a shell command's output may be
     inserted using ‘#()’.  For example, ‘#(uptime)’ will insert the sys‐
     tem's uptime.  When constructing formats, tmux does not wait for
     ‘#()’ commands to finish; instead, the previous result from running
     the same command is used, or a placeholder if the command has not
     been run before.  If the command hasn't exited, the most recent line
     of output will be used, but the status line will not be updated more
     than once a second.  Commands are executed with the tmux global
     environment set (see the GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT section).

     An ‘l’ specifies that a string should be interpreted literally and
     not expanded.  For example ‘#{l:#{?pane_in_mode,yes,no}}’ will be
     replaced by ‘#{?pane_in_mode,yes,no}’.

     The following variables are available, where appropriate:

     Variable name          Alias    Replaced with
     alternate_on                    1 if pane is in alternate screen
     alternate_saved_x               Saved cursor X in alternate screen
     alternate_saved_y               Saved cursor Y in alternate screen
     buffer_created                  Time buffer created
     buffer_name                     Name of buffer
     buffer_sample                   Sample of start of buffer
     buffer_size                     Size of the specified buffer in
                                     bytes
     client_activity                 Time client last had activity
     client_control_mode             1 if client is in control mode
     client_created                  Time client created
     client_discarded                Bytes discarded when client behind
     client_height                   Height of client
     client_key_table                Current key table
     client_last_session             Name of the client's last session
     client_name                     Name of client
     client_pid                      PID of client process
     client_prefix                   1 if prefix key has been pressed
     client_readonly                 1 if client is readonly
     client_session                  Name of the client's session
     client_termname                 Terminal name of client
     client_termtype                 Terminal type of client
     client_tty                      Pseudo terminal of client
     client_utf8                     1 if client supports utf8
     client_width                    Width of client
     client_written                  Bytes written to client
     command                         Name of command in use, if any
     command_list_alias              Command alias if listing commands
     command_list_name               Command name if listing commands
     command_list_usage              Command usage if listing commands
     cursor_character                Character at cursor in pane
     cursor_flag                     Pane cursor flag
     cursor_x                        Cursor X position in pane
     cursor_y                        Cursor Y position in pane
     history_bytes                   Number of bytes in window history
     history_limit                   Maximum window history lines
     history_size                    Size of history in lines
     hook                            Name of running hook, if any
     hook_pane                       ID of pane where hook was run, if
                                     any
     hook_session                    ID of session where hook was run, if
                                     any
     hook_session_name               Name of session where hook was run,
                                     if any
     hook_window                     ID of window where hook was run, if
                                     any
     hook_window_name                Name of window where hook was run,
                                     if any
     host                   #H       Hostname of local host
     host_short             #h       Hostname of local host (no domain
                                     name)
     insert_flag                     Pane insert flag
     keypad_cursor_flag              Pane keypad cursor flag
     keypad_flag                     Pane keypad flag
     line                            Line number in the list
     mouse_all_flag                  Pane mouse all flag
     mouse_any_flag                  Pane mouse any flag
     mouse_button_flag               Pane mouse button flag
     mouse_line                      Line under mouse, if any
     mouse_sgr_flag                  Pane mouse SGR flag
     mouse_standard_flag             Pane mouse standard flag
     mouse_utf8_flag                 Pane mouse UTF-8 flag
     mouse_word                      Word under mouse, if any
     mouse_x                         Mouse X position, if any
     mouse_y                         Mouse Y position, if any
     origin_flag                     Pane origin flag
     pane_active                     1 if active pane
     pane_at_bottom                  1 if pane is at the bottom of window
     pane_at_left                    1 if pane is at the left of window
     pane_at_right                   1 if pane is at the right of window
     pane_at_top                     1 if pane is at the top of window
     pane_bottom                     Bottom of pane
     pane_current_command            Current command if available
     pane_current_path               Current path if available
     pane_dead                       1 if pane is dead
     pane_dead_status                Exit status of process in dead pane
     pane_format                     1 if format is for a pane (not
                                     assuming the current)
     pane_height                     Height of pane
     pane_id                #D       Unique pane ID
     pane_in_mode                    1 if pane is in a mode
     pane_index             #P       Index of pane
     pane_input_off                  1 if input to pane is disabled
     pane_left                       Left of pane
     pane_marked                     1 if this is the marked pane
     pane_marked_set                 1 if a marked pane is set
     pane_mode                       Name of pane mode, if any
     pane_pid                        PID of first process in pane
     pane_pipe                       1 if pane is being piped
     pane_right                      Right of pane
     pane_search_string              Last search string in copy mode
     pane_start_command              Command pane started with
     pane_synchronized               1 if pane is synchronized
     pane_tabs                       Pane tab positions
     pane_title             #T       Title of pane
     pane_top                        Top of pane
     pane_tty                        Pseudo terminal of pane
     pane_width                      Width of pane
     pid                             Server PID
     rectangle_toggle                1 if rectangle selection is
                                     activated
     scroll_position                 Scroll position in copy mode
     scroll_region_lower             Bottom of scroll region in pane
     scroll_region_upper             Top of scroll region in pane
     selection_present               1 if selection started in copy mode
     session_activity                Time of session last activity
     session_alerts                  List of window indexes with alerts
     session_attached                Number of clients session is
                                     attached to
     session_created                 Time session created
     session_format                  1 if format is for a session (not
                                     assuming the current)
     session_group                   Name of session group
     session_group_list              List of sessions in group
     session_group_size              Size of session group
     session_grouped                 1 if session in a group
     session_id                      Unique session ID
     session_last_attached           Time session last attached
     session_many_attached           1 if multiple clients attached
     session_name           #S       Name of session
     session_stack                   Window indexes in most recent order
     session_windows                 Number of windows in session
     socket_path                     Server socket path
     start_time                      Server start time
     version                         Server version
     window_active                   1 if window active
     window_activity                 Time of window last activity
     window_activity_flag            1 if window has activity
     window_bell_flag                1 if window has bell
     window_bigger                   1 if window is larger than client
     window_end_flag                 1 if window has the highest index
     window_flags           #F       Window flags
     window_format                   1 if format is for a window (not
                                     assuming the current)
     window_height                   Height of window
     window_id                       Unique window ID
     window_index           #I       Index of window
     window_last_flag                1 if window is the last used
     window_layout                   Window layout description, ignoring
                                     zoomed window panes
     window_linked                   1 if window is linked across
                                     sessions
     window_name            #W       Name of window
     window_offset_x                 X offset into window if larger than
                                     client
     window_offset_y                 Y offset into window if larger than
                                     client
     window_panes                    Number of panes in window
     window_silence_flag             1 if window has silence alert
     window_stack_index              Index in session most recent stack
     window_start_flag               1 if window has the lowest index
     window_visible_layout           Window layout description,
                                     respecting zoomed window panes
     window_width                    Width of window
     window_zoomed_flag              1 if window is zoomed
     wrap_flag                       Pane wrap flag

STYLES
     tmux offers various options to specify the colour and attributes of
     aspects of the interface, for example status-style for the status
     line.  In addition, embedded styles may be specified in format
     options, such as status-left-format, by enclosing them in ‘#[’ and
     ‘]’.

     A style may be the single term ‘default’ to specify the default
     style (which may inherit from another option) or a space or comma
     separated list of the following:

     fg=colour
             Set the foreground colour.  The colour is one of: black,
             red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, white; if supported
             the bright variants brightred, brightgreen, brightyellow;
             colour0 to colour255 from the 256-colour set; default for
             the default colour; terminal for the terminal default
             colour; or a hexadecimal RGB string such as ‘#ffffff’.

     bg=colour
             Set the background colour.

     none    Set no attributes (turn off any active attributes).

     bright (or bold), dim, underscore, blink, reverse, hidden, italics,
             overline, strikethrough, double-underscore,
             curly-underscore, dotted-underscore, dashed-underscore
             Set an attribute.  Any of the attributes may be prefixed
             with ‘no’ to unset.

     align=left (or noalign), align=centre, align=right
             Align text to the left, centre or right of the available
             space if appropriate.

     fill=colour
             Fill the available space with a background colour if appro‐
             priate.

     list=on, list=focus, list=left-marker, list=right-marker, nolist
             Mark the position of the various window list components in
             the status-format option: list=on marks the start of the
             list; list=focus is the part of the list that should be kept
             in focus if the entire list won't fit in the available space
             (typically the current window); list=left-marker and
             list=right-marker mark the text to be used to mark that text
             has been trimmed from the left or right of the list if there
             is not enough space.

     range=left, range=right, range=window|X, norange
             Mark a range in the status-format option.  range=left and
             range=right are the text used for the ‘StatusLeft’ and
             ‘StatusRight’ mouse keys.  range=window|X is the range for a
             window passed to the ‘Status’ mouse key, where ‘X’ is a win‐
             dow index.

     Examples are:

           fg=yellow bold underscore blink
           bg=black,fg=default,noreverse

NAMES AND TITLES
     tmux distinguishes between names and titles.  Windows and sessions
     have names, which may be used to specify them in targets and are
     displayed in the status line and various lists: the name is the tmux
     identifier for a window or session.  Only panes have titles.  A
     pane's title is typically set by the program running inside the pane
     using an escape sequence (like it would set the xterm(1) window
     title in X(7)).  Windows themselves do not have titles - a window's
     title is the title of its active pane.  tmux itself may set the
     title of the terminal in which the client is running, see the
     set-titles option.

     A session's name is set with the new-session and rename-session com‐
     mands.  A window's name is set with one of:

     1.      A command argument (such as -n for new-window or
             new-session).

     2.      An escape sequence (if the allow-rename option is turned
             on):

                   $ printf '\033kWINDOW_NAME\033\\'

     3.      Automatic renaming, which sets the name to the active com‐
             mand in the window's active pane.  See the automatic-rename
             option.

     When a pane is first created, its title is the hostname.  A pane's
     title can be set via the title setting escape sequence, for example:

           $ printf '\033]2;My Title\033\\'

     It can also be modified with the select-pane -T command.

GLOBAL AND SESSION ENVIRONMENT
     When the server is started, tmux copies the environment into the
     global environment; in addition, each session has a session
     environment.  When a window is created, the session and global envi‐
     ronments are merged.  If a variable exists in both, the value from
     the session environment is used.  The result is the initial environ‐
     ment passed to the new process.

     The update-environment session option may be used to update the ses‐
     sion environment from the client when a new session is created or an
     old reattached.  tmux also initialises the TMUX variable with some
     internal information to allow commands to be executed from inside,
     and the TERM variable with the correct terminal setting of ‘screen’.

     Commands to alter and view the environment are:

     set-environment [-gru] [-t target-session] name [value]
                   (alias: setenv)
             Set or unset an environment variable.  If -g is used, the
             change is made in the global environment; otherwise, it is
             applied to the session environment for target-session.  The
             -u flag unsets a variable.  -r indicates the variable is to
             be removed from the environment before starting a new
             process.

     show-environment [-gs] [-t target-session] [variable]
                   (alias: showenv)
             Display the environment for target-session or the global
             environment with -g.  If variable is omitted, all variables
             are shown.  Variables removed from the environment are pre‐
             fixed with ‘-’.  If -s is used, the output is formatted as a
             set of Bourne shell commands.

STATUS LINE
     tmux includes an optional status line which is displayed in the bot‐
     tom line of each terminal.

     By default, the status line is enabled and one line in height (it
     may be disabled or made multiple lines with the status session
     option) and contains, from left-to-right: the name of the current
     session in square brackets; the window list; the title of the active
     pane in double quotes; and the time and date.

     Each line of the status line is configured with the status-format
     option.  The default is made of three parts: configurable left and
     right sections (which may contain dynamic content such as the time
     or output from a shell command, see the status-left,
     status-left-length, status-right, and status-right-length options
     below), and a central window list.  By default, the window list
     shows the index, name and (if any) flag of the windows present in
     the current session in ascending numerical order.  It may be cus‐
     tomised with the window-status-format and
     window-status-current-format options.  The flag is one of the fol‐
     lowing symbols appended to the window name:

           Symbol    Meaning
           *         Denotes the current window.
           -         Marks the last window (previously selected).
           #         Window activity is monitored and activity has been
                                detected.
           !         Window bells are monitored and a bell has occurred
                                in the window.
           ~         The window has been silent for the monitor-silence
                                interval.
           M         The window contains the marked pane.
           Z         The window's active pane is zoomed.

     The # symbol relates to the monitor-activity window option.  The
     window name is printed in inverted colours if an alert (bell, activ‐
     ity or silence) is present.

     The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured, the
     entire status line using the status-style session option and indi‐
     vidual windows using the window-status-style window option.

     The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has
     changed, the interval may be controlled with the status-interval
     session option.

     Commands related to the status line are as follows:

     command-prompt [-1Ni] [-I inputs] [-p prompts] [-t target-client]
             [template]
             Open the command prompt in a client.  This may be used from
             inside tmux to execute commands interactively.

             If template is specified, it is used as the command.  If
             present, -I is a comma-separated list of the initial text
             for each prompt.  If -p is given, prompts is a comma-sepa‐
             rated list of prompts which are displayed in order; other‐
             wise a single prompt is displayed, constructed from template
             if it is present, or ‘:’ if not.

             Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the
             string ‘%%’ and all occurrences of ‘%1’ are replaced by the
             response to the first prompt, all ‘%2’ are replaced with the
             response to the second prompt, and so on for further
             prompts.  Up to nine prompt responses may be replaced (‘%1’
             to ‘%9’).  ‘%%%’ is like ‘%%’ but any quotation marks are
             escaped.

             -1 makes the prompt only accept one key press, in this case
             the resulting input is a single character.  -N makes the
             prompt only accept numeric key presses.  -i executes the
             command every time the prompt input changes instead of when
             the user exits the command prompt.

             The following keys have a special meaning in the command
             prompt, depending on the value of the status-keys option:

                   Function                             vi        emacs
                   Cancel command prompt                Escape    Escape
                   Delete from cursor to start of word            C-w
                   Delete entire command                d         C-u
                   Delete from cursor to end            D         C-k
                   Execute command                      Enter     Enter
                   Get next command from history                  Down
                   Get previous command from history              Up
                   Insert top paste buffer              p         C-y
                   Look for completions                 Tab       Tab
                   Move cursor left                     h         Left
                   Move cursor right                    l         Right
                   Move cursor to end                   $         C-e
                   Move cursor to next word             w         M-f
                   Move cursor to previous word         b         M-b
                   Move cursor to start                 0         C-a
                   Transpose characters                           C-t

     confirm-before [-p prompt] [-t target-client] command
                   (alias: confirm)
             Ask for confirmation before executing command.  If -p is
             given, prompt is the prompt to display; otherwise a prompt
             is constructed from command.  It may contain the special
             character sequences supported by the status-left option.

             This command works only from inside tmux.

     display-menu [-c target-client] [-t target-pane] [-T title] [-x
             position] [-y position] name key command ...
                   (alias: menu)
             Display a menu on target-client.  target-pane gives the tar‐
             get for any commands run from the menu.

             A menu is passed as a series of arguments: first the menu
             item name, second the key shortcut (or empty for none) and
             third the command to run when the menu item is chosen.  The
             name and command are formats, see the FORMATS and STYLES
             sections.  If the name begins with a hyphen (-), then the
             item is disabled (shown dim) and may not be chosen.  The
             name may be empty for a separator line, in which case both
             the key and command should be omitted.

             -T is a format for the menu title (see FORMATS).

             -x and -y give the position of the menu.  Both may be a row
             or column number, or one of the following special values:

                   Value    Flag    Meaning
                   R        -x      The right side of the terminal
                   P        Both    The bottom left of the pane
                   M        Both    The mouse position
                   W        -x      The window position on the status
                                    line
                   S        -y      The line above or below the status
                                    line

             Each menu consists of items followed by a key shortcut shown
             in brackets.  If the menu is too large to fit on the termi‐
             nal, it is not displayed.  Pressing the key shortcut chooses
             the corresponding item.  If the mouse is enabled and the
             menu is opened from a mouse key binding, releasing the mouse
             button with an item selected will choose that item.  The
             following keys are also available:

                   Key    Function
                   Enter  Choose selected item
                   Up     Select previous item
                   Down   Select next item
                   q      Exit menu

     display-message [-aIpv] [-c target-client] [-t target-pane]
             [message]
                   (alias: display)
             Display a message.  If -p is given, the output is printed to
             stdout, otherwise it is displayed in the target-client sta‐
             tus line.  The format of message is described in the FORMATS
             section; information is taken from target-pane if -t is
             given, otherwise the active pane.

             -v prints verbose logging as the format is parsed and -a
             lists the format variables and their values.

             -I forwards any input read from stdin to the empty pane
             given by target-pane.

BUFFERS
     tmux maintains a set of named paste buffers.  Each buffer may be
     either explicitly or automatically named.  Explicitly named buffers
     are named when created with the set-buffer or load-buffer commands,
     or by renaming an automatically named buffer with set-buffer -n.
     Automatically named buffers are given a name such as ‘buffer0001’,
     ‘buffer0002’ and so on.  When the buffer-limit option is reached,
     the oldest automatically named buffer is deleted.  Explicitly named
     buffers are not subject to buffer-limit and may be deleted with
     delete-buffer command.

     Buffers may be added using copy-mode or the set-buffer and
     load-buffer commands, and pasted into a window using the
     paste-buffer command.  If a buffer command is used and no buffer is
     specified, the most recently added automatically named buffer is
     assumed.

     A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window.
     By default, up to 2000 lines are kept; this can be altered with the
     history-limit option (see the set-option command above).

     The buffer commands are as follows:

     choose-buffer [-NZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O sort-order] [-t
             target-pane] [template]
             Put a pane into buffer mode, where a buffer may be chosen
             interactively from a list.  -Z zooms the pane.  The follow‐
             ing keys may be used in buffer mode:

                   Key    Function
                   Enter  Paste selected buffer
                   Up     Select previous buffer
                   Down   Select next buffer
                   C-s    Search by name or content
                   n      Repeat last search
                   t      Toggle if buffer is tagged
                   T      Tag no buffers
                   C-t    Tag all buffers
                   p      Paste selected buffer
                   P      Paste tagged buffers
                   d      Delete selected buffer
                   D      Delete tagged buffers
                   f      Enter a format to filter items
                   O      Change sort order
                   v      Toggle preview
                   q      Exit mode

             After a buffer is chosen, ‘%%’ is replaced by the buffer
             name in template and the result executed as a command.  If
             template is not given, "paste-buffer -b '%%'" is used.

             -O specifies the initial sort order: one of ‘time’, ‘name’
             or ‘size’.  -f specifies an initial filter: the filter is a
             format - if it evaluates to zero, the item in the list is
             not shown, otherwise it is shown.  If a filter would lead to
             an empty list, it is ignored.  -F specifies the format for
             each item in the list.  -N starts without the preview.  This
             command works only if at least one client is attached.

     clear-history [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: clearhist)
             Remove and free the history for the specified pane.

     delete-buffer [-b buffer-name]
                   (alias: deleteb)
             Delete the buffer named buffer-name, or the most recently
             added automatically named buffer if not specified.

     list-buffers [-F format]
                   (alias: lsb)
             List the global buffers.  For the meaning of the -F flag,
             see the FORMATS section.

     load-buffer [-b buffer-name] path
                   (alias: loadb)
             Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from path.

     paste-buffer [-dpr] [-b buffer-name] [-s separator] [-t target-pane]
                   (alias: pasteb)
             Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the specified
             pane.  If not specified, paste into the current one.  With
             -d, also delete the paste buffer.  When output, any linefeed
             (LF) characters in the paste buffer are replaced with a sep‐
             arator, by default carriage return (CR).  A custom separator
             may be specified using the -s flag.  The -r flag means to do
             no replacement (equivalent to a separator of LF).  If -p is
             specified, paste bracket control codes are inserted around
             the buffer if the application has requested bracketed paste
             mode.

     save-buffer [-a] [-b buffer-name] path
                   (alias: saveb)
             Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to path.
             The -a option appends to rather than overwriting the file.

     set-buffer [-a] [-b buffer-name] [-n new-buffer-name] data
                   (alias: setb)
             Set the contents of the specified buffer to data.  The -a
             option appends to rather than overwriting the buffer.  The
             -n option renames the buffer to new-buffer-name.

     show-buffer [-b buffer-name]
                   (alias: showb)
             Display the contents of the specified buffer.

MISCELLANEOUS
     Miscellaneous commands are as follows:

     clock-mode [-t target-pane]
             Display a large clock.

     if-shell [-bF] [-t target-pane] shell-command command [command]
                   (alias: if)
             Execute the first command if shell-command returns success
             or the second command otherwise.  Before being executed,
             shell-command is expanded using the rules specified in the
             FORMATS section, including those relevant to target-pane.
             With -b, shell-command is run in the background.

             If -F is given, shell-command is not executed but considered
             success if neither empty nor zero (after formats are
             expanded).

     lock-server
                   (alias: lock)
             Lock each client individually by running the command speci‐
             fied by the lock-command option.

     run-shell [-b] [-t target-pane] shell-command
                   (alias: run)
             Execute shell-command in the background without creating a
             window.  Before being executed, shell-command is expanded
             using the rules specified in the FORMATS section.  With -b,
             the command is run in the background.  After it finishes,
             any output to stdout is displayed in copy mode (in the pane
             specified by -t or the current pane if omitted).  If the
             command doesn't return success, the exit status is also dis‐
             played.

     wait-for [-L | -S | -U] channel
                   (alias: wait)
             When used without options, prevents the client from exiting
             until woken using wait-for -S with the same channel.  When
             -L is used, the channel is locked and any clients that try
             to lock the same channel are made to wait until the channel
             is unlocked with wait-for -U.

TERMINFO EXTENSIONS
     tmux understands some unofficial extensions to terminfo(5):

     Cs, Cr  Set the cursor colour.  The first takes a single string
             argument and is used to set the colour; the second takes no
             arguments and restores the default cursor colour.  If set, a
             sequence such as this may be used to change the cursor
             colour from inside tmux:

                   $ printf '\033]12;red\033\\'

     Smol    Enable the overline attribute.  The capability is usually
             SGR 53 and can be added to terminal-overrides as:

                   Smol=\E[53m

     Smulx   Set a styled underscore.  The single parameter is one of: 0
             for no underscore, 1 for normal underscore, 2 for double
             underscore, 3 for curly underscore, 4 for dotted underscore
             and 5 for dashed underscore.  The capability can typically
             be added to terminal-overrides as:

                   Smulx=\E[4::%p1%dm

     Setulc  Set the underscore colour.  The argument is (red * 65536) +
             (green * 256) + blue where each is between 0 and 255.  The
             capability can typically be added to terminal-overrides as:

                   Setulc=\E[58::2::%p1%{65536}%/%d::%p1%{256}%/%{255}%&%d::%p1%{255}%&%d%;m

     Ss, Se  Set or reset the cursor style.  If set, a sequence such as
             this may be used to change the cursor to an underline:

                   $ printf '\033[4 q'

             If Se is not set, Ss with argument 0 will be used to reset
             the cursor style instead.

     Tc      Indicate that the terminal supports the ‘direct colour’ RGB
             escape sequence (for example, \e[38;2;255;255;255m).

             If supported, this is used for the initialize colour escape
             sequence (which may be enabled by adding the ‘initc’ and
             ‘ccc’ capabilities to the tmux terminfo(5) entry).

     Ms      Store the current buffer in the host terminal's selection
             (clipboard).  See the set-clipboard option above and the
             xterm(1) man page.

CONTROL MODE
     tmux offers a textual interface called control mode.  This allows
     applications to communicate with tmux using a simple text-only pro‐
     tocol.

     In control mode, a client sends tmux commands or command sequences
     terminated by newlines on standard input.  Each command will produce
     one block of output on standard output.  An output block consists of
     a %begin line followed by the output (which may be empty).  The out‐
     put block ends with a %end or %error.  %begin and matching %end or
     %error have two arguments: an integer time (as seconds from epoch)
     and command number.  For example:

           %begin 1363006971 2
           0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active)
           %end 1363006971 2

     The refresh-client -C command may be used to set the size of a
     client in control mode.

     In control mode, tmux outputs notifications.  A notification will
     never occur inside an output block.

     The following notifications are defined:

     %client-session-changed client session-id name
             The client is now attached to the session with ID
             session-id, which is named name.

     %exit [reason]
             The tmux client is exiting immediately, either because it is
             not attached to any session or an error occurred.  If
             present, reason describes why the client exited.

     %layout-change window-id window-layout window-visible-layout
             window-flags
             The layout of a window with ID window-id changed.  The new
             layout is window-layout.  The window's visible layout is
             window-visible-layout and the window flags are window-flags.

     %output pane-id value
             A window pane produced output.  value escapes non-printable
             characters and backslash as octal \xxx.

     %pane-mode-changed pane-id
             The pane with ID pane-id has changed mode.

     %session-changed session-id name
             The client is now attached to the session with ID
             session-id, which is named name.

     %session-renamed name
             The current session was renamed to name.

     %session-window-changed session-id window-id
             The session with ID session-id changed its active window to
             the window with ID window-id.

     %sessions-changed
             A session was created or destroyed.

     %unlinked-window-add window-id
             The window with ID window-id was created but is not linked
             to the current session.

     %window-add window-id
             The window with ID window-id was linked to the current ses‐
             sion.

     %window-close window-id
             The window with ID window-id closed.

     %window-pane-changed window-id pane-id
             The active pane in the window with ID window-id changed to
             the pane with ID pane-id.

     %window-renamed window-id name
             The window with ID window-id was renamed to name.

ENVIRONMENT
     When tmux is started, it inspects the following environment vari‐
     ables:

     EDITOR    If the command specified in this variable contains the
               string ‘vi’ and VISUAL is unset, use vi-style key bind‐
               ings.  Overridden by the mode-keys and status-keys
               options.

     HOME      The user's login directory.  If unset, the passwd(5) data‐
               base is consulted.

     LC_CTYPE  The character encoding locale(1).  It is used for two sep‐
               arate purposes.  For output to the terminal, UTF-8 is used
               if the -u option is given or if LC_CTYPE contains "UTF-8"
               or "UTF8".  Otherwise, only ASCII characters are written
               and non-ASCII characters are replaced with underscores
               (‘_’).  For input, tmux always runs with a UTF-8 locale.
               If en_US.UTF-8 is provided by the operating system it is
               used and LC_CTYPE is ignored for input.  Otherwise,
               LC_CTYPE tells tmux what the UTF-8 locale is called on the
               current system.  If the locale specified by LC_CTYPE is
               not available or is not a UTF-8 locale, tmux exits with an
               error message.

     LC_TIME   The date and time format locale(1).  It is used for
               locale-dependent strftime(3) format specifiers.

     PWD       The current working directory to be set in the global
               environment.  This may be useful if it contains symbolic
               links.  If the value of the variable does not match the
               current working directory, the variable is ignored and the
               result of getcwd(3) is used instead.

     SHELL     The absolute path to the default shell for new windows.
               See the default-shell option for details.

     TMUX_TMPDIR
               The parent directory of the directory containing the
               server sockets.  See the -L option for details.

     VISUAL    If the command specified in this variable contains the
               string ‘vi’, use vi-style key bindings.  Overridden by the
               mode-keys and status-keys options.

FILES
     ~/.tmux.conf       Default tmux configuration file.
     /etc/tmux.conf     System-wide configuration file.

EXAMPLES
     To create a new tmux session running vi(1):

           $ tmux new-session vi

     Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias.  For new-ses‐
     sion, this is new:

           $ tmux new vi

     Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is
     accepted.  If there are several options, they are listed:

           $ tmux n
           ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window

     Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing ‘C-b
     c’ (Ctrl followed by the ‘b’ key followed by the ‘c’ key).

     Windows may be navigated with: ‘C-b 0’ (to select window 0), ‘C-b 1’
     (to select window 1), and so on; ‘C-b n’ to select the next window;
     and ‘C-b p’ to select the previous window.

     A session may be detached using ‘C-b d’ (or by an external event
     such as ssh(1) disconnection) and reattached with:

           $ tmux attach-session

     Typing ‘C-b ?’ lists the current key bindings in the current window;
     up and down may be used to navigate the list or ‘q’ to exit from it.

     Commands to be run when the tmux server is started may be placed in
     the ~/.tmux.conf configuration file.  Common examples include:

     Changing the default prefix key:

           set-option -g prefix C-a
           unbind-key C-b
           bind-key C-a send-prefix

     Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:

           set-option -g status off
           set-option -g status-style bg=blue

     Setting other options, such as the default command, or locking after
     30 minutes of inactivity:

           set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh"
           set-option -g lock-after-time 1800

     Creating new key bindings:

           bind-key b set-option status
           bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'"
           bind-key S command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"

SEE ALSO
     pty(4)

AUTHORS
     Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

BSD                          October 4, 2020                          BSD